2011 Nepal census

2011 Nepal census
2011
General information
CountryNepal
AuthorityCentral Bureau of Statistics
Websitewww.cbs.gov.np
Results
Total population26,494,504 (Increase 14.44%[1])
Most populous Development RegionCentral (9,656,985)
Least populous Development RegionFar-Western (2,552,517)

2011 Nepal census was the 11th national census of Nepal. It was conducted by Central Bureau of Statistics.[2] It marked the 100 years of census taking in Nepal.[3]

Working in cooperation with the 58 municipalities and the 3,915 Village Development Committees at a district level, they recorded data from all the municipalities and villages of each district. The data included statistics on population size, households, sex and age distribution, place of birth, residence characteristics, literacy, marital status, religion, language spoken, caste/ethnic group, economically active population, education, number of children, employment status, and occupation.

Key findings

The key findings of 2011 census are as follows:[4][3]

Total population 26,494,504
Intercensal change 3,343,081
Intercensal change percentage 14.44%
Annual growth rate 1.35%
Population density (per km2) 180
Total households 5,427,302
Male population 12,849,041
Female population 13,645,463
Gender ratio 94.2
Literacy rate 65.9%

Population distribution

Population by ecological region (2011)[4][3]
Ecological region Population Percentage (%) Sex ratio Annual growth rate (%) Density (per km2)
Mountain 1,781,792 6.7 93.84 0.54 34
Hill 11,394,007 43.0 91.37 1.06 186
Terai 13,318,705 50.3 96.66 1.72 392
Nepal 26,494,504 100 94.16 1.35 180
Population by development region (2011)[4][3]
Development region Population Percentage (%) Sex ratio Annual growth rate (%) Density (per km2)
Eastern 5,811,555 21.93 92.37 0.84 204
Central 9,656,985 36.45 100.55 1.84 352
Western 4,926,765 18.60 87.03 0.75 168
Mid-Western 3,546,682 13.39 92.73 1.63 84
Far-Western 2,552,517 9.63 91.25 1.53 131
Nepal 26,494,504 100 94.16 1.35 180

In 2015, Nepal adopted federalism and existing development regions and zones were abolished. The existing districts were regrouped into seven provinces.[5] The population of those provinces are as follows:

Population by province (2011)[6][7]
Province Population Percentage (%) Sex ratio Density (per km2)
Koshi 4,534,943 17.12 91 175
Madhesh 5,404,145 20.40 101 559
Bagmati 5,529,452 20.87 99 272
Gandaki 2,403,757 9.07 83 112
Lumbini 4,499,272 16.98 91 202
Karnali 1,570,418 5.93 96 56
Sudurpashchim 2,552,517 9.63 91 131
Nepal 26,494,504 100 94 180

Population by district

Population by district (2011)[4][3]
S.N Development region (until 2015) Province (since 2015) District Population Sex ratio Annual growth rate (%) Density (per km2)
1 Eastern Koshi Taplejung 127,461 90.50 -0.55 35
2 Sankhuwasabha 158,742 90.07 -0.03 46
3 Solukhumbu 105,886 93.63 -0.17 32
4 Panchthar 191,817 88.74 -0.52 155
5 Ilam 290,254 94.63 0.26 170
6 Dhankuta 163,412 88.05 -0.19 183
7 Tehrathum 101,577 86.63 -1.08 150
8 Bhojpur 182,459 89.26 -1.07 121
9 Okhaldhunga 147,984 86.62 -0.57 138
10 Khotang 206,312 88.90 -1.15 130
11 Udayapur 317,532 89.21 0.99 154
12 Jhapa 812,650 90.07 1.66 506
13 Morang 965,370 93.57 1.35 520
14 Sunsari 763,487 94.64 1.99 607
15 Madhesh Saptari 639,284 96.44 1.14 469
16 Siraha 637,328 94.77 1.07 536
17 Central Bagmati Dolakha 186,557 85.47 -0.91 85
18 Sindhupalchok 287,798 92.58 -0.61 113
19 Rasuwa 43,300 98.40 -0.33 28
20 Kavrepalanchok 381,937 91.93 -0.61 274
21 Lalitpur 468,132 103.49 3.26 1,216
22 Bhaktapur 304,651 103.42 3.01 2,560
23 Kathmandu 1,744,240 109.84 4.78 4,416
24 Nuwakot 277,471 91.78 -0.39 248
25 Sindhuli 296,192 92.25 0.57 119
26 Ramechhap 202,646 87.39 -0.47 131
27 Dhading 336,067 88.55 -0.08 174
28 Makwanpur 420,477 96.67 0.69 173
29 Chitawan 579,984 92.75 2.06 261
30 Madhesh Dhanusha 754,777 100.61 1.17 640
31 Mahottari 627,580 98.25 1.26 626
32 Sarlahi 769,729 102.57 1.91 611
33 Rautahat 686,722 104.60 2.31 610
34 Bara 687,708 104.39 2.07 578
35 Parsa 601,017 108.21 1.90 444
36 Western Gandaki Manang 6,538 127.25 -3.83 3
37 Mustang 13,452 111.54 1.08 4
38 Gorkha 271,061 80.68 -0.61 75
39 Lamjung 167,724 82.68 -0.55 99
40 Tanahun 323,288 79.73 0.25 209
41 Syangja 289,148 77.05 -0.93 248
42 Kaski 492,098 92.44 2.57 244
43 Myagdi 113,641 82.57 -0.07 49
44 Parbat 146,590 80.33 -0.74 297
45 Baglung 268,613 78.34 -0.01 151
46 Lumbini Gulmi 280,160 76.02 -0.57 244
47 Palpa 261,180 79.70 -0.28 190
48 Arghakhanchi 197,632 77.46 -0.53 166
49 Rupandehi 880,196 96.47 2.17 646
50 Kapilvastu 571,936 99.74 1.17 329
51 N/A Nawalparasi 643,508 89.36 1.34 298
52 Mid Western Karnali Dolpa 36,700 98.79 2.17 5
53 Jumla 108,921 101.62 1.97 43
54 Kalikot 136,948 101.05 2.60 79
55 Mugu 55,286 102.80 2.30 16
56 Humla 50,858 103.23 2.25 9
57 Salyan 242,444 91.69 1.27 166
58 Surkhet 350,804 93.41 1.95 143
59 Dailekh 261,770 94.22 1.50 174
60 Jajarkot 171,304 99.73 2.39 77
61 N/A Rukum 208,567 90.63 1.01 72
62 Lumbini Pyuthan 228,102 78.14 0.71 174
63 Rolpa 224,506 84.92 0.67 119
64 Dang 552,583 89.55 1.78 187
65 Banke 491,313 98.87 2.42 210
66 Bardiya 426,576 92.59 1.09 211
67 Far Western Sudurpashchim Bajura 134,912 95.22 2.15 62
68 Bajhang 195,159 90.65 1.56 57
69 Darchula 133,274 91.30 0.88 57
70 Achham 257,477 87.30 1.07 153
71 Doti 211,746 84.94 0.22 105
72 Dadeldhura 142,094 88.11 1.19 92
73 Baitadi 250,898 87.95 0.68 165
74 Kailali 775,709 95.25 2.29 240
75 Kanchanpur 451,248 91.85 1.77 280
Nepal 26,494,504 94.16 1.35 180

In 2015, when the federal structure was adopted, the districts of Nawalparasi and Rukum were each divided into two parts, resulting in four new districts.[8] The population of those four districts are as follows:[7][6]

Former district (until 2015) New district (since 2015) Province Population Sex ratio
Nawalparasi Nawalparasi (East)/Nawalpur Gandaki 311,604 84.57
Nawalparasi (West)/Parasi Lumbini 331,904 94.09
Rukum Eastern Rukum 53,184 88.57
Western Rukum Karnali 155,383 91.35

Population by caste/ethnicity

The population wise ranking of 124 Nepalese castes/ethnic groups as per 2011 Nepal census.[9][note 1][10]

S.N Caste/Ethnicity Population (2011) Percentage (%)
1 Chhetri 4,398,053 16.60
2 Brahmin-Hill (Bahun) 3,226,903 12.18
3 Magar 1,887,733 7.12
4 Tharu 1,737,470 6.56
5 Tamang 1,539,830 5.81
6 Newar 1,321,933 4.99
7 Kami 1,258,554 4.75
8 Nepali Muslim 1,164,255 4.39
9 Yadav 1,054,458 3.98
10 Rai 620,004 2.34
11 Gurung 522,641 1.97
12 Damai/Dholi 472,862 1.78
13 Thakuri 425,623 1.61
14 Limbu 387,300 1.46
15 Sarki 374,816 1.41
16 Teli 369,688 1.40
17 Chamar/Harijan/Ram 335,893 1.27
18 Kushwaha 306,393 1.16
19 Musahar 234,490 0.89
20 Kurmi 231,129 0.87
21 Sanyasi/Dasnami 227,822 0.86
22 Dhanuk 219,808 0.83
23 Kanu/Haluwai 209,053 0.79
24 Dusadh/Pasawan/Pasi 208,910 0.79
25 Mallaha 173,261 0.65
26 Kewat 153,772 0.58
27 Kathbaniya 138,637 0.52
28 Brahmin-Terai 134,106 0.51
29 Kalwar 128,232 0.48
30 Kumal 121,196 0.45
31 Bhujel 118,650 0.44
32 Hajam/Thakur 117,758 0.43
33 Rajbanshi 115,242 0.43
34 Sherpa 112,946 0.41
35 Dhobi 109,079 0.40
36 Tatma/Tatwa 104,865 0.38
37 Lohar 101,421 0.38
38 Khatwe 100,921 0.35
39 Sudhi 93,115 0.32
40 Danuwar 84,115 0.32
41 Majhi 83,727 0.30
42 Barai 80,597 0.28
43 Bin 75,195 0.27
44 Nuniya 70,540 0.26
45 Chepang 68,399 0.24
46 Sonar 64,335 0.24
47 Kumhar 62,399 0.21
48 Sunuwar 55,712 0.21
49 Bantar/Sardar 55,104 0.21
50 Kahar 53,159 0.20
51 Santhal 51,735 0.20
52 Marwadi 51,443 0.19
53 Kayastha 44,304 0.17
54 Rajput/Terai Kshetriya 41,972 0.16
55 Badi 38,603 0.15
56 Jhangar/Uraon 37,424 0.14
57 Gangai 36,988 0.12
58 Lodh 32,837 0.11
59 Badhaee 28,932 0.11
60 Thami 28,671 0.11
61 Kulung 28,613 0.1
62 Bengali 26,582 0.1
63 Gaderi/Bhediyar/Gangajali 26,375 0.1
64 Dhimal 26,298 0.09
65 Yakkha 24,336 0.09
66 Ghale 22,881 0.07
67 Tajpuriya 19,213 0.07
68 Khawas 18,513 0.06
69 Darai 16,789 0.06
70 Mali 14,995 0.06
71 Dhuniya 14,846 0.05
72 Pahari 13,615 0.05
73 Rajdhob 13,422 0.05
74 Bhote 13,397 0.05
75 Dom 13,268 0.05
76 Thakali 13,215 0.05
77 Kori 12,276 0.04
78 Chhantyal 11,810 0.04
79 Hyolmo 10,752 0.04
80 Bote 10,397 0.04
81 Rajbhar 9,542 0.03
82 Brahmu/Baramo 8,140 0.03
83 Punjabi 7,176 0.03
84 Nachhring 7,154 0.03
85 Yamphu 6,933 0.03
86 Gaine 6,791 0.03
87 Chamling 6,668 0.02
88 Athpahariya 5,977 0.02
89 Jirel 5,774 0.02
90 Dura 5,394 0.02
91 Sarabaria 4,906 0.02
92 Meche 4,867 0.02
93 Bantawa 4,604 0.02
94 Raji 4,235 0.02
95 Dolpo 4,107 0.02
96 Halkhor 4,003 0.01
97 Byansi/Sauka 3,895 0.01
98 Amat 3,830 0.01
99 Thulung 3,535 0.01
100 Lepcha 3,445 0.01
101 Patharkatt /Kushwadiya 3,182 0.01
102 Mewahang 3,100 0.01
103 Bahing 3,096 0.01
104 Natuwa 3,062 0.01
105 Hayu 2,925 0.01
106 Dhankar/Dharikar 2,681 0.01
107 Lhopa 2,624 0.01
108 Munda 2,350 0.01
109 Dev 2,147 0.01
110 Dhandi 1,982 0.01
111 Kamar 1,787 0.01
112 Kisan 1,739 0.01
113 Sampang 1,681 0.01
114 Koche 1,635 0.01
115 Lhomi 1,614 0.01
116 Khaling 1,571 0.01
117 Topkegola 1,523 0.01
118 Chidimar 1,254 0.00
119 Walung 1,249 0.00
120 Lohorung 1,153 0.00
121 Kalar 1,077 0.00
122 Raute 618 0.00
123 Nurang 278 0.00
124 Kusunda 273 0.00
Dalit Others 155,354 0.59
Janajati Others 1,228 0.00
Terai Others 103,811 0.39
Undefined Others 15,277 0.06
Foreigners 6,651 0.03
Total 26,494,504 100


Population by language

Languages by number of native speakers (2011)[10]
S.N Language Number of speakers Percentage
1 Nepali 11,826,953 44.64%
2 Maithili 3,092,530 11.67%
3 Bhojpuri 1,584,958 5.98%
4 Tharu 1,529,875 5.77%
5 Tamang 1,353,311 5.11%
6 Nepal Bhasa (Newar) 846,557 3.20%
7 Bajjika 793,416 2.99%
8 Magar 788,530 2.98%
9 Dotyali/Doteli 787,827 2.97%
10 Urdu 691,546 2.61%
11 Awadhi 501,752 1.89%
12 Limbu 343,603 1.30%
13 Gurung 325,622 1.23%
14 Baitadeli 272,524 1.03%
15 Rai (Kiranti) 159,114 0.60%
16 Aachami 142,787 0.54%
17 Bantawa (Rai) 132,583 0.50%
18 Rajbanshi 122,214 0.46%
19 Sherpa 114,830 0.43%
20 Hindi 77,569 0.29%
21 Chamling (Rai) 76,800 0.29%
22 Bajhangi 67,581 0.26%
23 Santhali 49,858 0.19%
24 Chepang 48,476 0.18%
25 Danuwar 45,821 0.17%
26 Sunuwar 37,898 0.14%
27 Magahi 35,614 0.13%
28 Uranw/Kurux 33,651 0.13%
29 Kulung (Rai) 33,170 0.13%
30 Kham (Magar) 27,113 0.10%
31 Rajasthani 25,394 0.10%
32 Majhi 24,422 0.09%
33 Thami 23,151 0.09%
34 Bhujel 21,715 0.08%
35 Bengali 21,061 0.08%
36 Thulung (Rai) 20,659 0.08%
37 Yakkha 19,558 0.07%
38 Dhimal 19,300 0.07%
39 Tajpuriya 18,811 0.07%
40 Angika 18,555 0.07%
41 Sampang (Rai) 18,270 0.07%
42 Khaling (Rai) 14,467 0.05%
43 Wambule (Rai) 13,470 0.05%
44 Kumal 12,222 0.05%
45 Darai 11,677 0.04%
46 Bahing (Rai) 11,658 0.04%
47 Bajureli 10,704 0.04%
48 Hyolmo 10,176 0.04%
49 Nachiring (Rai) 10,041 0.04%
50 Yamphu (Rai) 9,208 0.03%
51 Bote 8,766 0.03%
52 Ghale 8,092 0.03%
53 Dumi (Rai) 7,638 0.03%
54 Lepcha 7,499 0.03%
55 Puma (Rai) 6,686 0.03%
56 Dungmali (Rai) 6,260 0.02%
57 Darchuleli 5,928 0.02%
58 Aathpariya (Rai) 5,530 0.02%
59 Thakali 5,242 0.02%
60 Jirel 4,829 0.02%
61 Mewahang (Rai) 4,650 0.02%
62 Sign Language 4,476 0.02%
63 Tibetan 4,445 0.02%
64 Meche 4,375 0.02%
65 Chhantyal 4,283 0.02%
66 Raji 3,758 0.01%
67 Lohorung (Rai) 3,716 0.01%
68 Chhintang (Rai) 3,712 0.01%
69 Gangai 3,612 0.01%
70 Pahari 3,458 0.01%
71 Dailekhi 3,102 0.01%
72 Lhopa 3,029 0.01%
73 Dura 2,156 0.01%
74 Koch 2,080 0.01%
75 Chiling (Rai) 2,046 0.01%
76 English 2,045 0.01%
77 Jerung (Rai) 1,763 0.01%
78 Khas 1,747 0.01%
79 Sanskrit 1,669 0.01%
80 Dolpali 1,667 0.01%
81 Hayu 1,520 0.01%
82 Tilung (Rai) 1,424 0.01%
83 Koi (Rai) 1,271 0.00%
84 Kisan 1,178 0.00%
85 Waling (Rai) 1,169 0.00%
86 Musalman 1,075 0.00%
87 Hariyani/Haryanvi 889 0.00%
88 Jumli 851 0.00%
89 Lhomi 808 0.00%
90 Punjabi 808 0.00%
91 Belhare (Rai) 599 0.00%
92 Odia 584 0.00%
93 Sonaha 579 0.00%
94 Sindhi 518 0.00%
95 Dadeldhuri 488 0.00%
96 Byangshi 480 0.00%
97 Assamese 476 0.00%
98 Raute 461 0.00%
99 Saam (Rai) 401 0.00%
100 Manange 392 0.00%
101 Dhuleli 347 0.00%
102 Phangduali (Rai) 290 0.00%
103 Surel 287 0.00%
104 Malpande 247 0.00%
105 Chinese 242 0.00%
106 Khariya 238 0.00%
107 Kurmali 227 0.00%
108 Baram 155 0.00%
109 Lingkhim (Rai) 129 0.00%
110 Sadhani 122 0.00%
111 Kagate 99 0.00%
112 Dzongkha 80 0.00%
113 Bankariya 69 0.00%
114 Kaike 50 0.00%
115 Garhwali (Gadhawali) 38 0.00%
116 French 34 0.00%
117 Mizo 32 0.00%
118 Kuki 29 0.00%
119 Kusunda 28 0.00%
120 Russian 17 0.00%
121 Spanish 16 0.00%
122 Nagamese 10 0.00%
123 Arabic 8 0.00%
Not reported 47,718 0.18%
Others 21,173 0.08%
Total 26,494,504 100%
Languages by number of second-language speakers (2011)[10]
Language Number of speakers Percentage
Nepali 8,682,499 32.77%
Maithili 1,225,950 4.62%
Hindi 195, 287 0.73%
Bhojpuri 159,518 0.60%
Tharu 84,748 0.32%
English 81,447 0.30%
Bajjika 60,863 0.23%
Urdu 45,766 0.17%
Awadhi 45,428 0.17%
Magar 42,952 0.16%
Tamang 33,450 0.12%
Nepal Bhasa (Newar) 32,594 0.12%
Sanskrit 2,975 0.01%
Others 190,327 0.72%
Total 10,883,804 41.04%

See also

  • List of village development committees of Nepal (Former)
  • 1991 Nepal census
  • 2001 Nepal census
  • 2021 Nepal census

Notes

  1. ^ Pages 191/192 of the total pdf or pages 156/157 in the scanned material shows Nepalese castes/ethnic groups

References

  1. ^ "Decadal Growth :www.cbs.gov.np" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2013-07-31.
  2. ^ Central Bureau of Statistics of Nepal: National Population and Housing Census 2011 Archived 2013-07-31 at the Wayback Machine
  3. ^ a b c d e POPULATION MONOGRAPH OF NEPAL VOLUME I (Population Dynamics) (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. 2014. ISBN 978-9937-2-8971-9.
  4. ^ a b c d National Population and Housing Census 2011 (National Report) (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. 2012. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2024-07-30.
  5. ^ "Supporting Nepal's Historic Transition to Federalism". World Bank. Retrieved 2026-02-14.
  6. ^ a b Population Composition of Nepal (National Population and Housing Census 2021) (PDF). Kathmandu: National Statistics Office (NSO). 2024. ISBN 978-9937-1-6270-8.
  7. ^ a b STATISTICAL POCKET BOOK NEPAL 2018 (PDF). Central Bureau of Statistics (CBS), Nepal. 2018.
  8. ^ "Details for 77 districts". nepalica.hadw-bw.de. Retrieved 2026-02-14.
  9. ^ "Nepal Census 2011" (PDF).
  10. ^ a b c "Population Monograph of Nepal Volume II (Social Demography)" (PDF). 2014.


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