José Martínez Ruiz

In this Spanish name, the first or paternal surname is Martínez and the second or maternal family name is Ruiz.

Azorín
Azorín in 1914
Born
José Augusto Trinidad Martínez Ruiz

(1873-06-08)8 June 1873
Monòver, Alicante, Kingdom of Spain
Died6 March 1967(1967-03-06) (aged 93)
Madrid, Spanish State
Occupations
  • Novelist
  • essayist
  • literary critic
Years active1895–1967
Seat P of the Real Academia Española
In office
26 October 1924 – 6 March 1967
Preceded byJuan Navarro-Reverter
Succeeded byGuillermo Díaz-Plaja

José Augusto Trinidad Martínez Ruiz (8 June 1873 – 2 March 1967), better known by his pseudonym Azorín (Spanish pronunciation: [aθoˈɾin]), was a Spanish novelist, essayist and literary critic.

Biography

José Martínez Ruiz was born in the village of Monòver, in the province of Alicante, on 8 June 1873.[1]

The creation of the Second Spanish Republic saw him re-adopt his old progressive political ideals. He abandoned the conservative ABC newspaper to write for the republican newspapers El Sol, La Libertad and Ahora. He edited Revista de Occidente, founded by José Ortega y Gasset, a journal promoting European philosophy, from 1923 to 1936.[2]

When he returned to Spain after the Spanish Civil War, he found himself in "inner exile", along with other intellectuals who had not overtly supported the Franco regime during the conflict. He was at first denied a press identification card (tarjeta de periodista), but was supported by Ramón Serrano Suñer, at that time Franco's Interior Minister and president of the Falange. Accepting Franco’s regime was the price he had to pay in order to be admitted back, and he aligned with the dictatorship in a noted article in the right-wing journal Vértice.[3]

In his old age, Azorín became a film enthusiast, writing numerous articles, some of which are reprinted in El cine y el momento, and claiming that "Cinema is the greatest form of art". He died in Madrid, Spain on 2 March 1967, at the age of 93.[1]

Honors

Publications

See also

  • List of essayists
  • List of Spanish writers
  • List of Spanish-language authors

References

  1. ^ a b "Azorín". Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 28 May 2025.
  2. ^ Chevalier, Tracy, ed. (1997). Encyclopaedia of the Essay. London: Taylor & Francis. p. 47. ISBN 1884964303.
  3. ^ Jurkevich, Gayana (1999). In Pursuit of the Natural Sign: Azorín and the Poetics of Ekphrasis. Cranbury, NJ: Associated University Presses, Inc. p. 162. ISBN 0838754139. Retrieved 28 September 2012.

Further reading

  • Sáenz, Paz, ed. (1988). Narratives from the Silver Age. Translated by Hughes, Victoria; Richmond, Carolyn. Madrid: Iberia. ISBN 84-87093-04-3.
  • "Azorín". La Cultura del XIX al XX en España (in Spanish). Fundación Zuloaga. Archived from the original on 17 November 2015. Retrieved 28 September 2012.
  • "Azorín (José Martínez Ruiz) Biographical data and intellectual evolution". Literatur im Kontext. Universität Wien. Retrieved 29 September 2012.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: deprecated archival service (link)
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