Brampton Assembly (AMC)

Brampton Assembly Plant
Built	1960
Operated	1962–1992
Location	Brampton, Ontario
Coordinates	43°40′41″N 79°43′19″W / 43.678°N 79.722°W / 43.678; -79.722
Industry	Automotive
Products	Automobiles
Area	40 acres (16.2 ha)
Address	Kennedy Road
Owners	American Motors (1962–87) Chrysler (1987–92)
Defunct	1992 (1992)

The Brampton Assembly Plant is a former automobile manufacturing facility initially owned and operated by American Motors Corporation (AMC) in Brampton, Ontario. The factory began production in 1962, making over 1.2 million AMC and Jeep vehicles through the automaker's acquisition by Chrysler in 1987, until it was closed in 1992.

Chrysler sold the factory to Wal-Mart for use as a warehouse. The buildings were eventually demolished in the 2000s when the site was redeveloped into a power centre that includes a Lowe's Home Improvement store.

The factory was built at the corner of Steeles Avenue and Kennedy Road for American Motors Canada, Inc., which relocated operations from the old Danforth assembly plant (now Shoppers World Danforth) - which also previously served as the Canadian production site of the Ford Model T and Model A ^[1] - to Peel-Elder's new "Peel Village" neighborhood in Brampton. The facility produced its first Rambler Classic on 26 January 1961.^[2]

The facility was composed of an assembly plant, parts warehouse, and engine plant, with an annual capacity of over 50,000 vehicles while employing 1,100 hourly and 500 salaried workers.^[3] The Rambler Classic was built on a line speed of 32 cars per shift.^[4] The facility was soon producing 33,000 cars annually in Canada.^[5] This assembly plant produced Rambler Americans, AMC Rebels, and later, Hornets, Concords, Gremlins, Spirits, and Eagles.

A long rail spur was built south from Canadian National Railway's busy Halton Sub mainline to service the plant. Peel had a yard, storage and runaround tracks used for storing autoracks and auto parts cars that needed by the factory and other local industries.^[6] New automobiles were loaded onto the autoracks with ramps for rail shipment at the plant.

With minimal Canadian production before 1965, American Motors was in the best position of the U.S. automakers to take advantage of the Canada–United States Automotive Products Agreement.^[7] This plant also allowed AMC to export cars within Commonwealth countries at a favorable tariff rate, making AMC the number one U.S. nameplate in markets such as Trinidad and Jamaica in the 1960s.^[8] The assembly of Ambassador models was moved to Kenosha, Wisconsin while production of Ramblers and Rebels increased. By 1969, the output of AMC's Brampton operation was destined for the eastern half of the continent, while Kenosha supplied the western regions.^[9]

In 1977, AMC hired the first female assembly worker, Cecilia Palmer, who became Canadian Auto Workers Local 1285's first sister.^[4] The organization is now named Unifor Local 1285.

Passenger car assembly was moved from Brampton to Kenosha in 1978, and this allowed AMC to expand production of its popular Jeep CJ-5 and CJ-7 models.^[10]

As Renault increased control of AMC since 1979, the future of the old Brampton facility was in jeopardy by 1982.^[11] Renault's strategic business plan was to limit production of AMC cars to Kenosha and Jeeps to Toledo as part of efforts to gain economies of scale.^[11] Moreover, local production was no longer a prerequisite for duty-free access into the Canadian market as long as the car's Canadian-sourced parts content met a minimum ratio to the total value of its sales in Canada.^[11]

Discussions to possibly utilize the assembly plant's capacity with Nissan ended in 1986, while at the time, AMC's president, Jose Dedeurwaerder, a former Renault executive, made an "ominous" statement that the automaker was openly looking for a partner.^[12]

In 1987, with the Chrysler buyout, AMC's Canadian division and its plants (Brampton and Bramalea) were absorbed into Chrysler, becoming part of Chrysler Canada Limited. At the time of Chrysler's purchase, the combined full production capacity of the four AMC assembly plants (Brampton, Kenosha, Toledo, and the brand-new Bramalea Assembly in Brampton) had a combined annual total production capacity of around 700,000 vehicles.^[13] This meant overcapacity for Chrysler, and AMC's old Kenosha and Toledo factories were at the top of Chrysler's closure list.^[14] During 1987, assembly of the legacy AMC Eagle cars ended while production of the new Jeep Wrangler (YJ) model was moved from Jeep's historic Toledo factory.^[15] Although the CJ was assembled in many other countries, this was the only time the manufacture of the CJ or Wrangler vehicles was centered outside the U.S.^[15]

The workers in Toledo agreed to concessions to keep the Ohio factory open, but by 1990, they were also pitted against those at Brampton Assembly.^[14] Additional concessions by the Toledo employees were critical for Chrysler in deciding to close the original Brampton facility.^[14] The old Brampton factory continued building the Wrangler through the 1992 model year after which the facility was shut and the Jeeps were assembled in Toledo.^[16]

With this transfer and closure, AMC's new Bramalea Assembly plant (that was built in 1986) was renamed the Brampton Assembly and began producing the new large Chrysler LH platform models (Chrysler Concorde, Dodge Intrepid, and Eagle Vision).^[16] These were followed by the Chrysler LHS and New Yorker as well as the 1999 model year 300M.^[16]

The original Brampton AMC factory was closed on 4 April 1992.^[4] The property was sold to Wal-Mart for use as one of their Canadian warehouses. The remains of the plant's west buildings were torn down in 2005, and the land was redeveloped for commercial/retail use. Among the buildings on the site is a Lowe's home improvement store that opened on 10 December 2007, as one of the first three to be established by the retail chain in Canada.^[17] The old factory's east building was demolished in 2007, and a Walmart Supercentre now occupies the site along with a warehouse.

Rambler Drive, a street to the west of the plant leading into the Peel Village neighborhood off Kennedy, serves as a reminder of AMC's former presence in the area.^[18]

American Motors' original Brampton production and products for model years (MY) from 1961 through 1992:^[19]

* Note: the final AMC branded car (not Jeep), a 1988 AMC Eagle, was built on 11 December 1987, and shipped from Brampton on 15 December to a dealer in the U.S.^[20]