The 1st Duke of Buckingham was succeeded by his grandson, Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who aided Richard III in his claiming the throne in 1483, but who then led a revolt against Richard and was executed later that same year. His titles were forfeited along with the dukedom.[1]
His son, Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was restored to the title upon Henry VII's accession to the throne in 1485, but he was ultimately executed for treason in 1521 due to his opposition to Cardinal Thomas Wolsey, Henry VIII's chief advisor. At this time the title became extinct; it was posthumously attainted in 1523.[1]
The second creation of the dukedom was in 1623 for George Villiers, a favourite of James I of England. He had previously been made Baron Whaddon, of Whaddon in the County of Buckingham, and Viscount Villiers in 1616, then Earl of Buckingham in 1617, then Marquess of Buckingham in 1618 until he was also created Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham in 1623. Buckingham, who continued in office as chief minister into the reign of James's son, Charles I, was responsible for a policy of war against Spain and France. In 1628, he was assassinated by John Felton, a disgruntled army officer who had served under him,[2] as he prepared an expedition to relieve the Huguenots of La Rochelle.
His son, George Villiers, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, was a notable advisor in the reign of Charles II, and along with Lord Ashley made up the Protestant axis of the famous Cabal Ministry. He started the first foxhunt in England, the Bilsdale Hunt, in 1668, and later started the Sinnington Hunt in 1680. After digging for a fox above Kirkbymoorside, and being too far from his home in Helmsley, North Yorkshire, he died from a chill in the house of a tenant. With his death in 1687, the title again became extinct.
Several other members of the Villiers family have been elevated to the peerage. Christopher Villiers, 1st Earl of Anglesey, and John Villiers, Viscount Purbeck, were brothers of the first Duke of Buckingham. Also, Edward Villiers, 1st Earl of Jersey, was the great-nephew of the first Duke of Buckingham while Thomas Villiers, 1st Earl of Clarendon, was the second son of the second Earl of Jersey.
The third creation of the dukedom, as Duke of Buckingham and Normanby, was in 1703 for John Sheffield, 3rd Earl of Mulgrave, 1st Marquess of Normanby,[3] a notable Tory politician of the late Stuart period, who served under Queen Anne as Lord Privy Seal and Lord President of the Council. The dukedom was created in the Peerage of England. The full title was Duke of the County of Buckingham and of Normanby but in practice only Duke of Buckingham and Normanby was used. The duke's family descended from Sir Edmund Sheffield, second cousin of Henry VIII, who in 1547 was raised to the Peerage of England as Baron Sheffield and in 1549 was killed in the streets of Norwich during Kett's Rebellion.
On the death of the 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby in 1735, the titles became extinct. The Sheffield family estates passed to the 2nd Duke's half-brother Charles Herbert Sheffield, the illegitimate son of the 1st Duke by Frances Stewart. He was created a Baronet in 1755 and is the ancestor of the Sheffield Baronets, of Normanby.
The seat of the family was Buckingham House, which John Sheffield built,[4][5] until it was sold to King George III in 1761 by Charles Sheffield, John's son.[6]
Dukes of Buckingham, fourth creation (1822)
The 719 heraldic quarterings of the dukes of Buckingham from the Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville family
He was the son of George Nugent Temple Grenville, 3rd Earl Temple, who was the son of Prime MinisterGeorge Grenville, and who had been created Marquess of Buckingham in the peerage of Great Britain in 1784. The 1st Marquess of Buckingham had married Lady Mary Nugent, daughter of Robert Nugent, 1st Earl Nugent. Mary was in 1800 created Baroness Nugent in her own right in the Peerage of Ireland, with remainder to her second son George (see the Baron Nugent). In 1788 Lord Buckingham also succeeded his father-in-law as second Earl Nugent according to a special remainder in the letters patent, and at the same time assumed by Royal licence the additional surname of Nugent.
After the 1st Marquess of Buckingham's death in 1813, his titles passed to his son Richard Temple-Grenville, 2nd Marquess of Buckingham. He married Lady Anne Eliza Brydges, the only child of James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos (a title which became extinct on his death in 1789), and assumed by Royal licence the additional surnames of Brydges-Chandos in 1799. In 1822 Lord Buckingham was created Earl Temple of Stowe, in the County of Buckingham, Marquess of Chandos and Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, all in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The earldom was created with remainder, failing male issue of his own, to (1) the heirs male of the body of his deceased great-grandmother Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple, and (2) in default thereof to his granddaughter Lady Anne Eliza Mary Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville, daughter of his son Richard, who succeeded as second Duke in 1839.
After the 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos' death in 1861, the titles passed to his son, the third Duke. He was also a prominent politician and served as Lord President of the Council and as Secretary of State for the Colonies. In 1868 the Duke established his right to the Scottish lordship of Kinloss before the Committee for Privileges of the House of Lords. On his death in 1889 without male issue, the dukedom and its subsidiary titles (the marquessate of Buckingham, marquessate of Chandos, earldom of Temple and earldom of Nugent) became extinct. The lordship of Kinloss passed to his daughter Mary. The earldom of Temple of Stowe passed to his sister's son William Temple-Gore-Langton because the title had been created with a special remainder to her heirs male. The viscountcy of Cobham, which had also been created with a special remainder, passed to Charles Lyttelton, 5th Baron Lyttelton, a descendant of Hester Grenville, 1st Countess Temple's sister Christian, who had married Sir Thomas Lyttelton, 4th Baronet.
Humphrey Stafford (1402–1460), 1st Duke of Buckingham, created Duke of Buckingham in 1444
Humphrey Stafford (1425–1458), styled Earl of Stafford, eldest son of the 1st Duke, predeceased his father
Henry Stafford (1455–1483), 2nd Duke of Buckingham, only son of Humphrey Stafford, was attainted for treason in 1483
Edward Stafford (1477–1521), 3rd Duke of Buckingham, eldest son of the 2nd Duke, was restored to his father's honours in 1485, but then executed for treason in 1521 and posthumously attainted in 1523
Baron Sheffield of Dunnamore in the County of Meath, (2nd creation, Ireland), 1781 Baron Sheffield of Roscommon in the County of Roscommon, (3rd creation, Ireland), 1783 Baron Sheffield of Sheffield in the County of York, (4th creation, United Kingdom), 1802 Earl of Sheffield (Ireland) and Viscount Pevensey (Ireland), 1816
George Augustus Frederick Charles Holroyd 1802–1876 2nd Earl of Sheffield, Viscount Pevensey, and Baron Sheffield
George Augustus Constantine Phipps 1819–1890 2nd Marquess of Normanby 3rd Earl of Mulgrave, Viscount Normanby, and Baron Mulgrave (Great Britain), 5th Baron Mulgrave (Ireland)
Fredrick Henry Stuart Holroyd 1827–1829 styled Viscount Pevensey
Henry North Holroyd 1832–1909 3rd Earl of Sheffield, Viscount Pevensey, and Baron Sheffield
Earldom of Sheffield, Viscount Pevensey, and Baron Sheffield (2nd and 4th creations), extinct 1909
Constantine Charles Henry Phipps 1846–1932 3rd Marquess of Normanby 4th Earl of Mulgrave, Viscount Normanby, and Baron Mulgrave (Great Britain), 6th Baron Mulgrave (Ireland)
Edward Lyulph Stanley 1839–1925 4th Baron Sheffield (3rd creation, Ireland) 4th Baron Stanley 3rd Baron Eddisbury
Arthur Lyulph Stanley 1875–1931 5th Baron Sheffield 5th Baron Stanley 4th Baron Eddisbury
Oliver Hugh Stanley 1879–1952
Oswald Constantine John Phipps 1912–1994 4th Marquess of Normanby 5th Earl of Mulgrave, Viscount Normanby, and Baron Mulgrave (Great Britain), 7th Baron Mulgrave (Ireland)
Edward John Stanley 1907–1971 6th Baron Sheffield 6th Baron Stanley 5th Baron Eddisbury
Lyulph Henry Victor Owen Stanley 1915–1971 7th Baron Sheffield 7th Baron Stanley 6th Baron Eddisbury
Thomas Henry Oliver Stanley 1927–2013 8th Baron Sheffield 8th Baron Stanley 7th Baron Eddisbury
Constantine Edmund Walter Phipps (b. 1954) 5th Marquess of Normanby 6th Earl of Mulgrave, Viscount Normanby, and Baron Mulgrave (Great Britain), 8th Baron Mulgrave (Ireland)
Richard Oliver Stanley (b. 1956) 9th Baron Sheffield 9th Baron Stanley 8th Baron Eddisbury
Charles Ernest Stanley (b. 1960)
Heir presumptive to the Baronies Sheffield, Stanley, and Eddisbury
John Samuel Constantine Phipps (b. 1994) styled Earl of Mulgrave
Baron Cobham, of Cobham in the County of Kent (6th creation), 1714 Viscount Cobham and Baron Cobham, of Cobham in the County of Kent (7th creation), 1718
Earl Temple, 1749
Henry Temple c. 1673–1757 1st Viscount Palmerston and Baron Temple
Richard Temple 1675–1749 1st Viscount Cobham and Baron Cobham, 4th Baronet, of Stowe
Hester Grenville c. 1690–1752 1st Countess Temple, 2nd Viscountess Cobham and 2nd Baroness Cobham
Richard Grenville 1678–1727
Christian Temple
Thomas Lyttelton 1686–1751 4th Baronet, of Frankley
Henry John Temple 1784–1865 3rd Viscount Palmerston and Baron Temple
Richard Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville 1776–1839 1st Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Marquess of Chandos, and Earl Temple of Stowe, 2nd Marquess of Buckingham, 3rd Earl Nugent, 4th Earl Temple, 5th Viscount Cobham and Baron Cobham
George Fulke Lyttelton 1763–1828 2nd Baron Lyttelton
William Henry Lyttelton 1782–1837 3rd Baron Lyttelton
Richard Plantagenet Temple-Nugent-Brydges-Chandos-Grenville 1797–1861 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Chandos, Marquess of Chandos, and Earl Temple of Stowe, 3rd Marquess of Buckingham, 4th Earl Nugent, 6th Viscount Cobham and Baron Cobham
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