Ehrlichiaceae

Ehrlichiaceae
The rickettsial bacterium Anaplasma centrale infecting red blood cells of a cow. Arrow points to typical infected cell.
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Bacteria
Kingdom: Pseudomonadati
Phylum: Pseudomonadota
Class: Alphaproteobacteria
Subclass: "Rickettsidae"
Order: Rickettsiales
Family: Ehrlichiaceae
Moshkovski 1945 (Approved Lists 1980)
Genera[4]
  • Aegyptianella Carpano 1929 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • Anaplasma Theiler 1910 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • "Candidatus Cryptoplasma" Eshoo et al. 2015[1]
  • Ehrlichia Moshkovski 1945 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • Lyticum (ex Preer et al. 1974) Preer and Preer 1982
  • "Candidatus Neoehrlichia" Kawahara et al. 2004[2]
  • Neorickettsia Philip et al. 1953 (Approved Lists 1980)
  • "Paranaplasma" Kreier and Ristic 1963[3]
  • Wolbachia Hertig 1936 (Approved Lists 1980)
Synonyms[5]
  • Anaplasmataceae Philip 1957 (Approved Lists 1980)

The Ehrlichiaceae are a family of bacteria, included in the order Rickettsiales.[4]

Biology

Members of the family Ehrlichiaceae are small, Gram-negative, obligate intracellular bacteria in the order Rickettsiales. Like other rickettsial organisms, they replicate within membrane-bound compartments inside eukaryotic host cells and are adapted to survival in arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts.[6]

Taxonomy

The family Ehrlichiaceae is a validly published family within the order Rickettsiales and includes the type genus Ehrlichia. Modern taxonomic treatments include several genera in this family, including Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, and Wolbachia, among others.[7]

Transmission

Many members of the family are transmitted by arthropods, especially ticks, and maintain enzootic cycles involving vertebrate reservoir hosts. Several species of medical and veterinary importance are vector-borne and infect blood cells or other host tissues after transmission by an infected arthropod.[8]

Medical and veterinary significance

The family includes organisms of substantial medical, veterinary, and agricultural importance. Pathogenic members include species of Ehrlichia and Anaplasma, which cause ehrlichioses and anaplasmoses in humans and other animals, while other members such as Wolbachia are important endosymbionts of arthropods and filarial nematodes rather than primary vertebrate pathogens.[9]

References

  1. ^ Eshoo MW, Carolan HE, Massire C, Chou DM, Crowder CD, Rounds MA, Phillipson CA, Schutzer SE, Ecker DJ (2015). "Survey of Ixodes pacificus Ticks in California Reveals a Diversity of Microorganisms and a Novel and Widespread Anaplasmataceae Species". PLOS ONE. 10 (9) e0135828. Bibcode:2015PLoSO..1035828E. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135828. PMC 4574436. PMID 26375033.
  2. ^ Kawahara M, Rikihisa Y, Isogai E, Takahashi M, Misumi H, Suto C, Shibata S, Zhang C, Tsuji M (2004). "Ultrastructure and phylogenetic analysis of "Candidatus Neoehrlichia mikurensis" in the family Anaplasmataceae, isolated from wild rats and found in Ixodes ovatus ticks". Int J Syst Evol Microbiol. 54 (Pt 5): 1837–1843. doi:10.1099/ijs.0.63260-0. PMID 15388752.
  3. ^ Kreier JP, Ristic M (1963). "Anaplasmosis. XII. The growth and survival in deer and sheep of the parasites present in the blood of calves infected with the Oregon strain of Anaplasma marginale". Am J Vet Res. 24: 697–702. PMID 14035670.
  4. ^ a b Euzéby JP, Parte AC. "Ehrlichiaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN). Retrieved June 1, 2021.
  5. ^ Hördt, Anton; López, Marina García; Meier-Kolthoff, Jan P.; Schleuning, Marcel; Weinhold, Lisa-Maria; Tindall, Brian J.; Gronow, Sabine; Kyrpides, Nikos C.; Woyke, Tanja; Göker, Markus (7 April 2020). "Analysis of 1,000+ Type-Strain Genomes Substantially Improves Taxonomic Classification of Alphaproteobacteria". Frontiers in Microbiology. 11: 468. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2020.00468. PMC 7179689. PMID 32373076.
  6. ^ Salje, Jeanne (2021). "Cells within cells: Rickettsiales and the obligate intracellular bacterial lifestyle". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 19 (6): 375–390. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00507-2. PMID 33564174.
  7. ^ "Family: Ehrlichiaceae". List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature. Retrieved 22 March 2026.
  8. ^ Salje, Jeanne (2021). "Cells within cells: Rickettsiales and the obligate intracellular bacterial lifestyle". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 19 (6): 375–390. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00507-2. PMID 33564174.
  9. ^ Salje, Jeanne (2021). "Cells within cells: Rickettsiales and the obligate intracellular bacterial lifestyle". Nature Reviews Microbiology. 19 (6): 375–390. doi:10.1038/s41579-020-00507-2. PMID 33564174.


This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.