Hinduism in Canada

Canadian Hindus
Population distribution of Hindu Canadians by census division, 2021 census
Total population
Increase 828,195 (2021)[1]
Increase 2.3% of the Canadian population
Regions with significant populations
Ontario573,700
British Columbia81,320
Alberta78,520
Quebec47,390
Manitoba18,355
Languages
Official
Home
Sacred

Hinduism is the third-largest religion in Canada, with approximately 2.3% of the nation's total population identifying as Hindu in the 2021 census.[2][3] As of 2021, there were over 828,000 Hindu Canadians.[3]

Among South Asian Canadians – the largest visible minority group in the country – approximately 30% identify as Hindu, reflecting the strong cultural and spiritual presence of the religion within this community.[4][5] After the US, Canada ranks second in North America having one of the highest percentages of Hindus in the Western world.[6]

Hinduism is one of the fastest-growing religions in Canada. According to the 2021 Census, there are 828,195 Hindus in Canada, up from 297,200 in the 2001 census.[7][8] Across Canada, Hindu temples, cultural centres, and festivals such as Diwali and Holi play a central role in community life. In recognition of the contributions of the Hindu community, the Government of Canada officially designated November as Hindu Heritage Month in 2022.[9]

History

Immigration from India to Canada began in 1903-04. Although early Canadian references often labelled all Indian immigrants as 'Hindus,' Hindus formed a minority among these Punjabi arrivals, who were predominantly Sikh with some Muslims.[10][11] Nevertheless, all South Asians encountered racial exclusion under Canada's colour bar. Immigrants faced intense hostility in British Columbia, leading to a sharp decline in numbers.[12] Religious practices among early South Asian immigrants, including Hindus, centred on community gatherings at temples.[13]

During the 1960s, mounting pressure from India led to the liberalization of Canadian immigration policies. Many Hindus from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Indonesia, along with Hindu Indian diasporic communities in Mauritius, Fiji, Trinidad and Tobago, Guyana, Suriname, Malaysia, Singapore, South Africa, and East African nations such as Kenya, Uganda, and Tanzania arrived to Montreal, Toronto, Calgary and Vancouver.[11][14]

Canadian Hindus have generally originated from three distinct groups. The first group is primarily made up of Indian immigrants who first began arriving in British Columbia.[15] Hindus from all over India continue to immigrate to Canada. This initial wave of Hindu immigrants came from nations that were historically under European colonial rule, such as British Raj, Fiji, Mauritius, South Africa, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago, Suriname, and parts of coastal East Africa.[16] The second major group of Hindus immigrated from Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan, and Sri Lanka. In the case of Sri Lankan Hindus, their history in Canada goes back to the 1940s, when a few hundred Sri Lankan Tamils migrated to Canada.[17] The 1983 communal riots and later civil war in Sri Lanka precipitated the mass exodus of Tamils with over 500,000 finding refuge in countries including Canada, the UK, Australia, United States, France and Switzerland. Since then, Sri Lankan Tamils have continued to migrate to Canada, particularly to the Greater Toronto Area. A third group includes European Canadians not from Hindu backgrounds, including followers of the Hare Krishna movement.[18] The Toronto district of Scarborough has a particularly high concentration of followers of the Hare Krishna movement, with Hinduism being the dominant religion in several neighbourhoods.[19]

The government pledged to resettle 6,500 Bhutanese refugees of Nepalese ethnicity by 2012. The majority of Bhutanese Nepali are Hindus. By 2014, Lethbridge was home to the largest Bhutanese community in Canada.[20] Nearly 6,600 Bhutanese Nepali, also called Lhotshampa had settled in Canada by the end of 2015, with approximately 1,300 in Lethbridge by August 2016.[21]

Hindu population & demographics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1961 460—    
1971 9,790+2028.3%
1981 69,505+610.0%
1991 157,015+125.9%
2001 297,200+89.3%
2011 497,200+67.3%
2021 828,195+66.6%
1961 and 1971 are partial and based on immigration data, real figures are substantially higher.[22][23]
Year Percent Increase
1971 0.05% N/a
1981 0.28% +0.23%
1991 0.56% +0.28%
2001 0.96% +0.40%
2011 1.45% +0.49%
2021 2.23% +0.78%

By province

The Hindu population in Canada according to the 2021 National Household Survey.[7]

Province 2001 Census 2011 Census 2021 Census
Hindus pop Hindus % Hindus pop Hindus % Hindus pop Hindus %
Ontario 217,560 1.9% 366,720 2.9% 573,700 4.1%
British Columbia 31,495 0.8% 45,795 1.0% 81,320 1.7%
Alberta 15,965 0.5% 36,845 1.0% 78,520 1.9%
Quebec 24,525 0.3% 33,540 0.4% 47,390 0.6%
Manitoba 3,835 0.3% 7,720 0.6% 18,355 1.4%
Saskatchewan 1,590 0.2% 3,570 0.3% 14,150 1.3%
Nova Scotia 1,235 0.1% 1,850 0.2% 8,460 0.9%
New Brunswick 470 0.1% 820 0.1% 3,340 0.4%
Newfoundland and Labrador 400 0.1% 635 0.1% 1200 0.2%
Prince Edward Island 30 0.0% 205 0.1% 1,245 0.8%
Yukon 10 0.0% 165 0.5% 265 0.5%
Northwest Territories 60 0.2% 70 0.2% 200 0.5%
Nunavut 10 0.0% 30 0.1% 55 0.2%
Canada 297,200 1.0% 497,200 1.5% 828,400 2.3%

By major Census Metropolitan Areas (2021)

The Hindu population in Canada by major Census Metropolitan Areas according to the 2021 Census.[7]

Metropolitan area %
Toronto CMA 457,825
Metro Vancouver 66,530
Metro Montreal 45,565
Metro Calgary 34,920
Metro Edmonton 33,905
Metro Ottawa 21,205
Metro Winnipeg 14,925

By federal electoral district (2024)

The Hindu population percentage in Canada by federal electoral district according to the 2021 Census.[7]

Ontario

Metropolitan area %
Brampton East 23.8%
Brampton West 20.4%
Scarborough—Woburn 19.4%
Brampton South 17.1%
Scarborough—Guildwood—Rouge Park 16.2%
Brampton North—Caledon 15.3%
Mississauga—Malton 14.8%
Scarborough North 14.7%
Etobicoke North 14.3%
Markham—Thornhill 14.3%
Brampton—Chinguacousy Park 13.1%
Brampton Centre 12.5%
Mississauga Centre 12.2%
Ajax 11.6%
Markham—Stouffville 10.2%

British Columbia

Metropolitan area %
Surrey—Newton 8.1%
Surrey Centre 7.6%
Fleetwood—Port Kells 5.2%
Vancouver South 4.5%
Delta 3.9%
Vancouver Kingsway 3.9%

Alberta

Metropolitan area %
Edmonton Southeast 9.4%
Edmonton Mill Woods 7.3%
Edmonton Gateway 7.2%
Calgary Skyview 6.9%
Calgary McKnight 6.0%

Quebec

Metropolitan area %
Pierrefonds—Dollard 4.8%
Papineau 3.9%
Saint-Laurent 3.8%

Manitoba

District %
Winnipeg South 4.4%

By ethnic origin (2021)

Origin Census[24]
South Asian 768,785
Visible minority (no further defined) 34,545
Multiracial 8,715
White 4,385
Southeast Asian 4,150
Black 3,780
Latin American 2,815
West Asian 720
Chinese 175
Filipino 60
Arab 45
Korean 10
Total 828,195

Temple societies

Hindu Heritage Centre in Mississauga

These communities have formed over 1000 temple societies across the country which essentially function as community organisations. Some also established private Tamil-language schools as an alternative to non-religious and Catholic school boards attended by Hindu students.[25]

In 1967, the Hindu Sanstha of Nova Scotia, the earliest Hindu temple in Canada, was established.[26]

In 1972, the Aulds Cove Hindu Temple was opened by families living in rural Nova Scotia.[27]

BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir, Toronto

The largest Hindu temple in Canada is BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir Toronto. It consists of two separate buildings: the mandir itself and the Haveli, home to a large sabha hall, several religious bookstops, a small prayer room, the country's largest Indo-Canadian museum, a water fountain and a large gymnasium. It is the only Mandir built using Hindu traditions. The temple is built in the traditional Hindu style of Shikharbaddha mandir, which is made accordingly to the principles laid out in Shilpa Shastras, sacred Hindu texts that describe the canons of traditionally architecture, and describes how the structure of a shikharbaddha mandir symbolically reflects the body of Purusha, or the Cosmic Man.[28] It took $40 million to build and opened in 2007, surpassing Hindu Sabha Temple in nearby Brampton, which held the old record. The entire mandir is 32,000 sq ft (3,000 m2).[29][30]

Society

Sringeri Temple of Toronto

Organizations

There are several organizations representing the Hindu community in Canada. Hindu Canadian Foundation is one of the key organization working as a national advocacy body serving as a unifying voice for over 1 million Canadian Hindus. It focuses on political participation, youth leadership, festival organization, and defending community interests. working to Among them, the Hindu Canadian Network is the most prominent umbrella organization.[31][32]

Contemporary society

According to a survey conducted by the Angus Reid Institute in 2017, 49% of Canadians had a favorable opinion of Hinduism, and 54% found it acceptable for one of their children to marry a Hindu.[33]

Another survey by the Angus Reid Institute found that 32% of believed that the influence of Hinduism “in Canada and Canadian public life” is growing. However, 67% of those surveyed “don’t know anything/understand very little” about Hinduism, while 4% “understand very well”.[34]

Community and impact

Hindus in Canada are able to create communities that not only follow religious practices but also provide education, counselling, support and outreach services. These communities allow many Hindus from overseas to comfortably adapt when immigrating to Canada. When Hindu institutions and worldviews are not mirrored in the migrated country, it can hinder the process of adaptation through isolation and loss of identity.[35] Racial-ethnic identity development involves identifying with and relating to a specific group and is found to be associated with particular health behaviors and mental health outcomes.[36]

Politics

Deepak Obhrai was the first Hindu MP in Canada. Anita Anand, Chandra Arya, Arpan Khanna, and Shuvaloy Majumdar have since been elected as MPs.[37] Vim Kochhar was the first Hindu appointed to the Senate,[38] Raj Sherman was the first Hindu to lead a Canadian political party.[39] Anita Anand is the first Hindu cabinet minister in Canada. She became a cabinet minister in 2019.[40] Despite Hindus making up 2.3% of Canada's population according to the 2021 Census, they are significantly underrepresented in federal politics, with only 1.2% of Members of Parliament (4 out of 338) elected in the 2021 federal election identifying as Hindu.[41]

Anti Hindu sentiment in Canada

Violent Sikh extremism spread to Canada following Operation Blue Star, with Canadian Sikh radicals making public pledges to kill Hindus.[42] Former CSIS agent Bob Burgoyne stated that Sikh extremists threatened to kill thousands of Hindus by various means, including bombing Air India flights.[43]

  • In 1984, Ajaib Singh Bagri, a Canadian-Sikh man accused of playing a role in the Air India bombing, declared "Until we kill 50,000 Hindus, we will not rest" at the founding convention of the World Sikh Organization.[44][45]
  • In 2013, a Hindu temple in Surrey had three windows smashed. A baseball bat found there after the attack had Sikh markings.[46]
  • In 2022, the BAPS Shri Swaminarayan Mandir of Toronto was defaced with anti-Hindu and anti-India graffiti.[47][48]
  • In July 2022, a Gandhi statue in the premises of a Hindu temple in Richmond Hill was defaced with pro- Khalistan graffiti, which included the words "rapist" and "Khalistan". The incident was described as a hate crime by York Regional Police.[49]
  • In January 2023, the Gauri Shankar Temple of Brampton was defaced with anti-India and anti-Hindu graffiti. The founder and priest of the temple Dhirendra Tripathi stated "Khalistanis have caused fear among us. They have become emboldened and the community is uncertain about their next actions. Canadian authorities should take stern steps to curb their activities" after the desecration.[50]
  • In February 2023, the Ram Mandir of Mississauga was defaced with anti-India graffiti.[51] The spray paint also described Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale as a martyr.[52]
  • In April 2023, the BAPS Swaminarayan Temple of Windsor, Ontario was vandalized with anti-Hindu graffiti.[53] The Windsor Police acknowledged the hate-motived factor in the act.[54]
  • In July 2023, a pro-Khalistan poster was spotted outside the Bharat Mata Temple in Brampton targeting Indian diplomats to Canada. The temple volunteers removed the poster.[55]
  • In July 2023, the sign board of the Bhagavad Gita Park in Brampton was vandalized with anti-India graffiti.[56]
  • In August 2023, the Lakshmi Narayan Mandir in Surrey was vandalized with anti-India and pro-Khalistan posters placed on its front gate and rear wall.[57]
  • In September 2023, Sikhs for Justice released a video telling Indo-Canadian Hindus to "leave Canada" and "go to India" and further accused Hindus of being disloyal to Canada, after Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stated that Indian government agents were involved in Hardeep Singh Nijjar's slaying.[58][59] The video was condemned by numerous Canadian politicians, including ministers in the federal cabinet and federal party leaders.[60]
  • In September–October 2023, 6 Hindu temples were broken into in Ontario, with 3 temples broken into in a single night.[61][62] Surveillance videos show a large amount of cash being taken from the donation boxes, with an attempt to break into a safe in one of the temples.[63] The temples included the Chitpurni Temple, the Rameshwar Mandir in Caledon, the Hindu Heritage Center in Mississauga, the Hindu Mandir Durham in Pickering, the Devi Mandir in Pickering, and the Sankat Mochan Mandir in Ajax.[64][62]
  • In July 2024, a BAPS temple in Edmonton was vandalized with graffiti labelling Prime Minister Narendra Modi and Nepean MP Chandra Arya as "Hindu terrorist(s)". A video of the desecration was promoted on social media.[65]
  • In August 2024, a pro Khalistan group gathered at a venue for an Indian Independence Day parade, and were heard shouting "Canadian Hindus go back to India". In the days preceding the event, the secessionist group Sikhs for Justice circulated flyers calling for a "face-off" between Khalistani Sikhs and Canadian Hindus.[66]
  • In November 2024, Khalistani demonstrators attacked temple-goers within the premises of the Hindu Sabha Mandir in Brampton with flag poles. Justin Trudeau, Pierre Poilievre, and Jagmeet Singh, along with other Canadian politicians, condemned the incident.[67] As a result of the violence, Brampton Mayor Patrick Brown announced he that he intended to introduce a motion at city council to prohibit protests outside places of worship in Brampton.[68] Harinder Sohi, an off duty Peel Police sergeant, was temporarily suspended from duty for participating in the protest. Sohi was filmed holding a Khalistan flag outside the temple.[69][70]
  • In April 2025, the Lakshmi Narayan Mandir in Surrey was vandalized with pro-Khalistan graffiti.[71]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". 26 October 2022.
  2. ^ "Ethnocultural and religious diversity – 2021 Census promotional material". 21 October 2022.
  3. ^ a b "Population of Christians, Hindus, Muslims and Non-Religious in Canada According to 2021 Census". To Do Canada. 26 October 2022. Retrieved 27 October 2022.
  4. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-03-16. Retrieved 2025-04-18.
  5. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (26 October 2022). "Visible minority and population group by generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". www150.statcan.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2025-01-02. Retrieved 2025-04-18.
  6. ^ Smith, Gregory A. (2021-12-14). "About Three-in-Ten U.S. Adults Are Now Religiously Unaffiliated". Pew Research Center. Retrieved 2025-04-18.
  7. ^ a b c d "Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Statistics Canada. 15 November 2023. Retrieved 13 April 2025.
  8. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-02-09). "Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population – Canada [Country]". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-10-26.
  9. ^ Heritage, Canadian (2022-11-01). "Statement by Minister Hussen on Hindu Heritage Month". www.canada.ca. Retrieved 2025-04-18.
  10. ^ Raman, Bhavana (2010). "Diaspora and cultural heritage: the case of Indians in Canada". International Journal of Heritage Studies. 16 (5–6). Taylor & Francis: 83. doi:10.1080/14631360903506786. ISSN 1470-3610.
  11. ^ a b Canada, Library and Archives (2012-04-17). "East Indian". www.bac-lac.gc.ca. Archived from the original on 2014-08-08. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  12. ^ Johnston, Hugh J. M. (2014). The Voyage of the Komagata Maru: The Sikh Challenge to Canada's Colour Bar. Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press. pp. 3–20, 26–27. ISBN 9780774825481.
  13. ^ Johnston, Hugh J.M. (2014). The Voyage of the Komagata Maru: The Sikh Challenge to Canada's Colour Bar. University of British Columbia Press. pp. 19, 37. ISBN 9780774825481.
  14. ^ "Hinduism | The Canadian Encyclopedia". www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  15. ^ "Indo-Canadians in 1920s and 1930s" (PDF). AHSNB Project. Retrieved 4 June 2021.
  16. ^ Wood, John R. (1978). "East Indians and Canada's New Immigration Policy". Canadian Public Policy. 4 (4): 547–567. doi:10.2307/3549977. ISSN 0317-0861. JSTOR 3549977.
  17. ^ Adler, Mike (2019-12-24). "Opinion | For some Tamil-Canadians in Scarborough, Sri Lanka's war isn't over". Toronto.com. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  18. ^ "Hare Krishna abandoned street chanting in robes years ago". torontosun. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  19. ^ "Hare Krishna: The Rise in Krishna Consciousness". HuffPost Canada. 2011-09-20. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  20. ^ Tams, Kim (13 May 2014). "Lethbridge home to the largest Bhutanese community in Canada". Global News. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  21. ^ Klingbeil, Annalise (22 August 2016). "How Lethbridge became Canada's Bhutanese capital". Calgary Herald. Retrieved 5 December 2020.
  22. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada. "Topic-based tabulation: Selected Demographic and Cultural Characteristics (104), Selected Religions (35A), Age Groups (6) and Sex (3) for Population, for Canada, Provinces, Territories and Census Metropolitan Areas, 2001 Census". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2022-11-13.
  23. ^ Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2013-05-08). "2011 National Household Survey: Data tables – Religion (108), Immigrant Status and Period of Immigration (11), Age Groups (10) and Sex (3) for the Population in Private Households of Canada, Provinces, Territories, Census Metropolitan Areas and Census Agglomerations, 2011 National Household Survey". www12.statcan.gc.ca. Retrieved 2021-06-14.
  24. ^ "Add/Remove data – Religion by visible minority and generation status: Canada, provinces and territories, census metropolitan areas and census agglomerations with parts". 26 October 2022.
  25. ^ "History of South Asians in Canada: Timeline · South Asian Canadian Heritage". South Asian Canadian Heritage. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  26. ^ Melton, Gordon (2020-06-01). "Pioneering Hinduism in Canada: The Life and Work of Swami Sivananda Radha". Études canadiennes / Canadian Studies. Revue interdisciplinaire des études canadiennes en France (88): 115–127. doi:10.4000/eccs.3451. ISSN 0153-1700.
  27. ^ "Nova Scotia's oldest Hindu temple celebrates 50 years". CBC News. Halifax, Nova Scotia. 23 October 2022. Retrieved 30 October 2025.
  28. ^ Elgood, Heather (2000). Hinduism and the religious arts. London: Cassell. ISBN 978-0-8264-9865-6. OCLC 271467496.
  29. ^ "Hindu Sabha Temple Hall Rentals – Hall Rentals in Brampton, ON". localservices.sulekha.com. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  30. ^ Grant, Hamish (2007-02-21), Hindu Sabha Mandir, Brampton, retrieved 2021-04-02
  31. ^ "THE BELINDA STRONACH FOUNDATION | Tony Blair and Belinda Stronach Join in collaboration with Canadian faith and belief leaders". Newswire.ca. 2008-12-05. Retrieved 2012-07-26.
  32. ^ Archived copy Archived September 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  33. ^ Shachi Kurl and Dave Korzinski (4 April 2017). Religious Trends: Led by Quebec, number of Canadians holding favourable views of various religions increases (PDF) (Public opinion survey). Canada: Angus Reid Institute. Retrieved 30 October 2025.
  34. ^ "32 percent Canadians feel Hinduism influence growing". 17 November 2017. Archived from the original on 19 August 2021. Retrieved 26 February 2019.
  35. ^ Trouillet, Pierre-Yves (2012-12-28). "Overseas Temples and Tamil Migratory Space". South Asia Multidisciplinary Academic Journal (6). doi:10.4000/samaj.3415. ISSN 1960-6060.
  36. ^ "Adaptation and Acculturation | Caring for Kids New to Canada". www.kidsnewtocanada.ca. Retrieved 2021-04-09.
  37. ^ "Few Hindus enter Canadian politics – Hindu Education Link". Archived from the original on 2019-01-27. Retrieved 2019-01-27.
  38. ^ "India-born CEO appointed senator in Canada". Hindustan Times. 2010-01-30. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  39. ^ "Living in interesting times could prove to be a curse". StAlbertToday.ca. 19 March 2011. Retrieved 2021-06-04.
  40. ^ "Meet Anita Indira Anand, a law professor who became Canada's first Hindu minister". City: World. Businessinsider. 21 November 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2020.
  41. ^ "Hindu Flag on Parliament Hill: MP Chandra Arya's Powerful Statement on Canadian Politics pointing 'underrepresentation'". Struggle for Hindu Existence. 2024-11-03. Retrieved 2024-12-17.
  42. ^ Pupcenoks, Juris (2015-12-07). Western Muslims and Conflicts Abroad: Conflict Spillovers to Diasporas. Routledge. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-317-42632-5. Following the 1984 Operation Blue Star in India, violent Sikh extremism spread quickly to Canada. Canadian Sikh radicals publically pleged to kill Hindus and violently confronted members of the Canadian Sikh community twice in 1985.
  43. ^ BUREAU, Richard Brennan OTTAWA (2007-05-22). "Sikh anger surprised CSIS". Toronto Star. Retrieved 2024-07-29.
  44. ^ "CBC News In Depth: Sikh politics in Canada". 2009-06-01. Archived from the original on 2009-06-01. Retrieved 2024-07-25.
  45. ^ "Air-India accused rallied Sikhs to kill Hindus". The Globe and Mail. 2003-12-02. Retrieved 2024-07-25. They say Hindus are our brothers. Many have said that," Mr. Bagri said at the rally. "But I give you my most solemn assurance. Until we kill 50,000 Hindus, we will not rest.
  46. ^ "Surrey Hindu temple vandals caught on camera". cbc.ca. 24 June 2013.
  47. ^ Desk, India Today Web (2022-09-15). "Hindu temple in Canada defaced with anti-India graffiti, high commission calls for strong action". India Today. Retrieved 2026-04-21. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  48. ^ PTI (2022-09-15). "Anti-India graffiti on Swaminarayan temple in Toronto; India raises issue with Canada". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2026-04-21.
  49. ^ "Statue of Gandhi defaced at Hindu temple in Richmond Hill, police investigating it as hate crime". CBC.
  50. ^ PTI (2023-01-31). "Priest of Hindu temple vandalised in Canada urges revocation of passports of those involved". ThePrint. Retrieved 2023-08-07.
  51. ^ PTI (2023-02-15). "Another Hindu temple vandalised in Canada; India seeks swift action". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-02-15.
  52. ^ "Another Hindu temple vandalised in Canada's Ontario province". Hindustan Times. 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  53. ^ "Another Hindu temple vandalised in Canada's Ontario province". Hindustan Times. 2023-04-05. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  54. ^ ANI (2023-04-06). "Canada: Hindu temple vandalised in Windsor, police launches investigation". The Hindu. ISSN 0971-751X. Retrieved 2023-04-06.
  55. ^ "Toronto temple defaced with posters targeting Indian diplomats ahead of pro-Khalistan rally". Hindustan Times. 2023-07-08. Retrieved 2023-07-08.
  56. ^ Desk, India Today World (2023-07-17). "Signboard at park in Canada's Brampton defaced with graffiti targeting PM Modi". India Today. Retrieved 2026-04-21. {{cite web}}: |last= has generic name (help)
  57. ^ "Hindu temple desecrated in Canada's British Columbia; 'Wanted' posters of Indian consulate officials put up". Hindustan Times. 2023-08-13. Retrieved 2023-08-14.
  58. ^ "Nijjar killing: Sikhs for Justice asks Hindus of Indian origin to leave Canada". Hindustan Times. 2023-09-20. Retrieved 2023-09-20. Sikhs for Justice (SFJ), a pro-Khalistan organisation banned in India in 2019, has threatened Hindus of Indian origin and asked them to leave Canada for supporting the country of their origin and "promoting violence" by celebrating Khalistani leader Hardeep Singh Nijjar's killing.
  59. ^ Robertson, Dylan. "India warns students as Nijjar's lawyer asks Indo-Hindu to leave Canada". National Post.
  60. ^ "Canadian ministers condemn SFJ video asking Hindus of Indian origin to leave nation". Hindustan Times. 22 September 2023.
  61. ^ "Canada: At least 6 break-ins at Hindu temples in Ontario province". Hindustan Times. 2023-10-12. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  62. ^ a b "Canada: 6 Hindu Temple Break-Ins In 60 Days Caught On Camera, 3 On One Night". TimesNow. 2023-10-15. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  63. ^ "Man in Canada sneaks into 3 Hindu temples, steals cash from donation boxes". The Times of India. 2023-10-13. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2023-11-03.
  64. ^ "Now, spate of robberies in Canada temples". Tribune News.
  65. ^ Yusuf, Ali (2024-07-23). "Hindu place of worship in south Edmonton vandalized with graffiti". CTVNews. Retrieved 2026-04-21.
  66. ^ "Opposition leader condemns pro-Khalistan calls for Hindus to leave Canada". Hindustan Times. 2024-09-14. Retrieved 2026-04-21.
  67. ^ Aguilar, Bryann (2024-11-03). "Police increase their presence at Hindu temple in Brampton after protest". CP24. Retrieved 2024-11-03.
  68. ^ "3 arrested and charged after protest at Brampton Hindu temple, police say". Radio-Canada.ca (in Canadian French). 2024-11-04. Retrieved 2024-11-04.
  69. ^ "Peel cop suspended after participating in protest outside Hindu temple". Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
  70. ^ "Who Is The Suspended Cop Harinder Sohi And What Happened At The Pro-Khalistan Protest?". TheDailyGuardian. 4 November 2024. Retrieved 2024-11-04.
  71. ^ "Police investigating vandalism at Vancouver gurdwara, Surrey Hindu temple". CBC.
Wikimedia Commons logo
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Hinduism in Canada.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.