John P. C. Shanks

John P. C. Shanks
Portrait by Mathew Brady, c. 1870
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana
In office March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1875
Preceded by	Thomas N. Stilwell
Succeeded by	Andrew H. Hamilton
Constituency	11th district (1867‍–‍1869) 9th district (1869‍–‍1875)
In office March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863
Preceded by	John U. Pettit
Succeeded by	James F. McDowell
Constituency	11th district
Member of the Indiana House of Representatives
In office October 9, 1878 – October 12, 1880
Preceded by	Jacob H. Koontz
Succeeded by	David V. Baker John W. Ryan
Constituency	Jay and Delaware Counties
In office October 11, 1854 – October 6, 1856
Preceded by	Joseph J. McKinney
Succeeded by	Joseph J. McKinney
Constituency	Jay County
Personal details
Born	John Peter Cleaver Shanks (1826-06-17)June 17, 1826 Martinsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), U.S.
Died	January 23, 1901(1901-01-23) (aged 74) Portland, Indiana, U.S.
Resting place	Green Park Cemetery
Party	Republican
Occupation	Lawyer politician
Military service
Allegiance	United States (Union)
Branch/service	United States Army
Rank	Colonel (Regular Army) Brevet Major General (U.S. Volunteers)
Commands	7th Indiana Cavalry Regiment
Battles/wars	American Civil War

John Peter Cleaver Shanks (June 17, 1826 – January 23, 1901) was a U.S. representative from Indiana from 1867 to 1875 and an officer in the Union Army during the American Civil War.

Born in Martinsburg, Virginia (now West Virginia), Shanks pursued an academic course. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1848 and commenced practice in Portland, Indiana, in 1849. He served as prosecuting attorney of Jay County in 1850 and 1851 and served as member of the State house of representatives in 1855.

Shanks was elected as a Republican to the Thirty-seventh Congress (March 4, 1861 – March 3, 1863). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1862 to the Thirty-eighth Congress.

During the Civil War he served in the Union Army as a colonel and aide-de-camp to Major General John C. Fremont from September 20, 1861, to June 1862. He was appointed a colonel in the regular army and aide-de-camp from March 31, 1862, to October 9, 1863. He commanded the 7th Indiana Cavalry Regiment as colonel from October 9, 1863, to December 8, 1864.^[1] On December 12, 1864, President of the United States Abraham Lincoln nominated Shanks for appointment to the grade of brevet brigadier general of volunteers, to rank from December 8, 1864, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 14, 1865.^[2] He then commanded Brigade 1 of the Cavalry Division of the Department of Mississippi from December 8, 1864, to September 19, 1865, when he was mustered out of the volunteers.^[1]

On December 3, 1867, President Andrew Johnson nominated Shanks for appointment to the grade of brevet major general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the United States Senate confirmed the appointment on February 14, 1868.^[3]

Shanks was elected to the Fortieth and to the three succeeding Congresses (March 4, 1867 – March 3, 1875) and served as chairman of the Committee on Militia (Forty-first Congress) and the Committee on Indian Affairs (Forty-second Congress).

Shanks was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1874. He resumed the practice of his profession. He was again a member of the State house of representatives in 1879.

Shanks died in Portland, Indiana, January 23, 1901 and was interred in Green Park Cemetery.

• List of American Civil War brevet generals (Union)

• Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.
• United States Congress. "John P. C. Shanks (id: S000284)". Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Retrieved on 2008-11-05

• "John P. C. Shanks". Find a Grave. Retrieved 2008-11-05.

 This article incorporates public domain material from Biographical Directory of the United States Congress. Federal government of the United States.