Last Mountain Lake

Last Mountain Lake
Long Lake
Last Mountain Lake
Last Mountain Lake Location in Saskatchewan Show map of Saskatchewan Last Mountain Lake Last Mountain Lake (Canada) Show map of Canada
Location	Saskatchewan
Coordinates	51°10′N 105°15′W / 51.167°N 105.250°W / 51.167; -105.250
Lake type	Prairie lake
Part of	Red River drainage basin
Primary inflows	Lanigan Creek Lewis Creek Arm River
Primary outflows	Last Mountain Creek
Basin countries	Canada
Max. length	93 km (58 mi)
Max. width	3 km (1.9 mi)
Surface area	21,615 ha (53,410 acres)[1]
Average depth	35 m (115 ft)
Max. depth	40 m (130 ft)
Surface elevation	490 m (1,610 ft)
Islands	Bird Island Royal Island
Settlements	Regina Beach, Saskatchewan Beach Wee Too Beach Buena Vista
Ramsar Wetland
Designated	24 May 1982
Reference no.	239[2]

Last Mountain Lake,^[3] also known as Long Lake, is a prairie lake formed from glaciation about 11,000 years ago. The lake is located in south-central Saskatchewan, Canada, about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-west of the city of Regina. It is a large lake, approximately 93 kilometres (58 mi) long and 3 kilometres (1.9 mi) wide, in the Qu'Appelle River drainage basin. The lake is a popular resort area for residents of south-eastern Saskatchewan.^[4]

Last Mountain Lake is named after a Plains Cree legend about the Great Spirit shovelling dirt from the valley that the lake now occupies to form the Last Mountain Hills. The hills lie east of the lake and east of the communities of Duval and Strasbourg.

In the late 1800s, access to the area for farming and settlement was opened up by the Qu'Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad and Steamboat Company which also operated steamships on the lake.^[5]

Last Mountain House was a Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) trading post on Last Mountain Lake from 1869 to 1871. It was a branch of Fort Qu'Appelle 75 kilometres (47 mi) east and was about 85 kilometres (53 mi) south-west of Touchwood Hills Post. It was founded in part to compete with the increasing number of independent traders in the area and because the buffalo had moved south from Touchwood Hills. Some time after the second season the post was completely destroyed by fire and was not rebuilt. The House was located on the east side of Last Mountain Lake, about 1.6 kilometres (1 mi) north of the lake's outlet, 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) north-west of Craven, and about 40 kilometres (25 mi) north-west of Regina. The area is now part of Last Mountain House Provincial Park^[6] and on the Canadian Register of Historic Places.^[7]

Several creeks and rivers flow into the lake, including Arm River, Lewis Creek, and Lanigan Creek. Last Mountain Creek flows out of the lake at the southern most point and into the Qu'Appelle River. During years in which the Qu'Appelle River's level is high, the Last Mountain Creek can reverse direction and flow back into Last Mountain Lake.^[8] The gates at Craven Dam on the Qu'Appelle River can be opened or closed for water level control measures. When they're closed, it can backflood water up Last Mountain Creek and into Last Mountain Lake.^[9]

Named islands at the northern end of the lake include Royal Island, Bird Island, and Coney Island.^[10]

Near the southern end, on the west side of the lake, is Little Arm Bay, which the Arm River flows into. Directly across from the bay is Pelican Point.^[11] The community of Pelican Pointe is located there.

The Qu'Appelle River watershed is divided into two main basins, the Wascana & Upper Qu’Appelle Watersheds and the Lower Qu'Appelle Watershed. Craven Dam at the village of Craven is the dividing point between the upper and lower watersheds of the Qu'Appelle River. The upper watershed is divided into four sub-basins and the Moose Jaw River Watershed,^[12] of which Last Mountain Lake Sub-basin is one. The other three sub-basins include Lanigan-Manitou Sub-basin, Wascana Creek Sub-basin, and Upper Qu’Appelle Sub-basin. Last Mountain Lake Sub-basin includes all the land that drains into the lake from the east and west sides of the lake, including Arm River and Lewis Creek. Lanigan Creek at the north end is part of the Lanigan-Manitou Sub-basin and Last Mountain Creek at the south end is part of the Upper Qu’Appelle Sub-basin. The total size of all four sub-basins and the Moose Jaw River Watershed combined is 23,443 km² (9,051 sq mi).^[13]

Eight different rural municipalities (RM) border at least part of the lake. Clock-wise from the north, RMs include Wreford No. 280, Last Mountain Valley No. 250, McKillop No. 220, Longlaketon No. 219, Lumsden No. 189, Dufferin No. 190, Sarnia No. 21, and Big Arm No. 251.

Communities that line Last Mountain Lake include Kannata Valley, Arlington Beach, Grandview Beach,^[14] MacPheat Park, Regina Beach, Saskatchewan Beach,^[15] Buena Vista,^[16] Glen Harbour,^[17] Alice Beach, Wee Too Beach, Alta Vista, Colesdale Park, Spring Bay, Pelican Pointe, Sunset Cove,^[18] Island View, Sorensen Beach, Etters Beach,^[19] Mohr's Beach, North Colesdale Park, Hendersons Beach, and Sarnia Beach.^[20]

Beside Regina Beach, around Little Arm Bay, is Kinookimaw and Last Mountain Lake 80A Indian reserve.^[21]

About 25 kilometres (16 mi) south-west of the town of Strasbourg, along the lake's eastern shore, lies Rowan's Ravine Provincial Park. This park includes a marina, a full-service campground, restaurant, mini-golf, beach, and an outfitters. The beach is along a point and is one of Saskatchewan's longest, natural sand beaches. The marina there is often used by recreational boaters travelling from Regina Beach as a stop-over or refuelling point and large fishing tournament called Last Mountain Fall Walleye Classic is held there every September.^[22] Last Mountain House Provincial Park is located on the south-east shore and provides tours of historical the Last Mountain House, which was built by the Hudson's Bay Company in 1869.

At the northern end of the lake, on the eastern shore is Last Mountain Regional Park. The park offers camping, swimming, and golf. It is located about 15 kilometres (9.3 mi) west of Govan, off Highway 20.

At the southern end of the lake, where Last Mountain Creek starts, is the Valeport Recreation Site and Valeport Marsh. The area is protected by a 900-acre conservation project called Valeport Wildlife Management Area Trails.^[23] It is in conjunction with Ducks Unlimited and part of the Valeport Marsh (SK 061) Important Bird Area (IBA) of Canada. Along the west side of the Management Area is a Nature Conservancy of Canada property called Big Valley. Big Valley is protected and managed for bird and wildlife habitat.^[24]

The United Church of Canada's Lumsden Beach Camp is "[a] short drive from Regina, ... hugging the south shore of Last Mountain Lake." Founded in 1905, it is the oldest summer camp in Western Canada.^[25]

The Last Mountain Lake Bird Sanctuary, the first federal bird sanctuary in North America, was established here in 1887. As the first such wildlife reserve of this kind on the continent, it was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1987.^[26] Over 280 bird species have been recorded. The lake contains appropriate habitat for nine of Canada's 36 species of vulnerable, threatened and endangered birds, such as the peregrine falcon, piping plover, burrowing owl, and whooping crane.

The northern end of the lake is very shallow and contains wetlands. Part of this area of the lake and surrounding area has been set aside as the Last Mountain Lake National Wildlife Area,^[27] which is a site of regional importance in the Western Hemisphere Shorebird Reserve Network.^[28][29]

Fish species commonly found in Last Mountain Lake include walleye, yellow perch, northern pike, burbot, lake whitefish, cisco, bigmouth buffalo, white sucker, and common carp.^[30]

• List of lakes of Saskatchewan
• List of protected areas of Saskatchewan
• Tourism in Saskatchewan
• List of historic places in Saskatchewan
• Ramsar site

• Elizabeth Browne Losey, Let Them be Remembered: The Story of the Fur Trade Forts, 1999, pages 668-672

• Media related to Last Mountain Lake at Wikimedia Commons