Candy, known also as sweets and confectionery, has a long history as a familiar food treat that is available in many varieties. Candy varieties are influenced by the size of the sugar crystals, aeration, sugar concentrations, colour and the types of sugar used.[1]
Simple sugar or sucrose is turned into candy by dissolving it in water, concentrating this solution through cooking and allowing the mass either to form a mutable solid or to recrystallize.[1]Maple sugar candy has been made in this way for thousands of years, with concentration taking place from both freezing and heating.[2]
Other sugars, sugar substitutes, and corn syrup are also used. Jelly candies, such as gumdrops and gummies, use stabilizers including starch, pectin or gelatin.[1] Another type of candy is cotton candy, which is made from spun sugar.
In their Thanksgiving Address, Native peoples of the Haudenosaunee Confederacy give special thanks to the Sugar Maple tree as the leader of all trees "to recognize its gift of sugar when the people need it most".[2] In traditional times, maple sugar candy reduced from sap was an important food source in the lean times of winter in North America.
The maker of a nougat candy from South Africa. Varieties include honey almond, almond cherry, and honey cashew. The candies are exported to various countries.
Chinese candies and sweets, called táng (糖)[4] are usually made with cane sugar, malt sugar, and honey.
Name
Manufacturer
Image
Description
Deuk Deuk Tong
-
Also known as "Ding Ding Tong", it is a hard maltose candy with sesame and ginger flavours.
Dragon's beard candy
Also known as "Chinese cotton candy," it is a handmade traditional art of ancient China and also a traditional Chinese sweet similar to spun sugar, which can be found in many Chinese communities. The legend of Dragon's Beard Candy was first notably practiced during the Chinese Han dynasty.[5]
Orange jelly candy
These finger-sized sticks of soft jelly candy are generally sold in food specialty stores in Hong Kong. A great deal of candies available in Hong Kong are imported from Europe, mainland China, United States and other regions around the world. Orange jelly candy is one of the few that have historically been manufactured locally in Hong Kong.
This has a soft, chewy texture, and is formed into cylinders approximately 3 cm long and 1 cm in diameter, similar to contemporary western nougat or taffy. Each candy is wrapped in a printed waxed paper wrapper, but within this, the sticky candies are again wrapped in a thin edible paper-like wrapping made from sticky rice.[6] Although the rice wrapping layer is meant to be eaten along with the rest of the candy, it does not figure in the list of ingredients, which is limited to corn starch, syrup, cane sugar, butter, and milk. This also comes in a variety of flavors.
Zaotang
This type of candy is made of maltose that people in China use as a sacrifice to the kitchen god around the twenty third day of the twelfth lunar month just before Chinese New Year.
A sweet toffee-like sugar palm-based confection commonly found in Indonesia.
Geplak
A sweet confectionery originating from Java, Indonesia. It's made from equal parts coarsely grated coconut and sugar, often brightly colored.
Gula Gait
A sweet stick-like candy (Also known as wood candy because its color and texture resemble chunks of wood) made from palm sugar or white sugar that commonly found in East Borneo, Indonesia.
Gulali Jadul or Gulali Bentuk
A type of sugar candy usually consisting of hard candy mounted on a stick made in various shapes like trumpet, heart, flower, swan, car, etc.
Kino Candy
Kino Indonesia
The first and the flagship product of Kino Indonesia.[7]
Kopiko
Mayora Indah
A candy made from coffee extract from Indonesia's finest coffee beans.
Ting Ting Jahe
A chewy ginger candy made in Indonesia which contains cane sugar, ginger (7%) and tapioca starch.
Water buffalo milk candy or Permen Susu Kerbau
A candy made from Water Buffalo milk in West Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. the candy is known for distinctively savory, sweet flavor, and chewy texture. These traits locals prefer buffalo milk candy to their better known cow's milk counterpart.
This fruit-flavored chewy candy was first released in 1975. It was re-released in its current shape (a stick of several individually wrapped candies) in February 1986. Hi-Chew candies are individually wrapped in logo-stamped foil or plain white wax paper (depending on the localization).
This sugar candy was introduced by the Portuguese in the 16th century, and is a small toffee sphere (5 mm in diameter) with a pimply surface, made from sugar, water, and flour, in a variety of colors. Originally there was a sesame seed in the middle, later a poppy seed, but nowadays no seed at all. The name "konpeito" comes from the Portuguese word "confeito", meaning "comfit" (a type of confectionery).
Meiji
Meiji Seika
Meiji chocolates flavors include cheese, black pepper, jasmine, basil, and lemon salt.[8]
Gummi Puccho squares have a unique consistency similar to a combination of gummy bears and taffy. They often contain gummy "balls" of flavor that are more chewy than the rest of the square. There are also "fizz" balls that mimic the carbonation of their soda derivatives.
Korea
Name
Manufacturer
Image
Description
Apollo
Apollo Confectionary
A South Korean candy product. It consists of a number of small, short straws that are filled with flavored sugar powders. Example flavors include strawberry, chocolate, banana, and grape.
Unisman and later, Annie's Sweets Manufacturing and Packaging Corporation
A chocolate product that originated in the Philippines and has endured as one of the country's most consumed children's snacks. Called Choc Nut because it is a mixture of powdered peanuts and chocolate.
This gummy has a strawberry pink top and white base, it is covered with crystallized sugar to give it more flavor. Its flavor usually is strawberry cream, although it also has a chocolate covered variant.[18]
Queen Mani
Cosmetique Asia Corporation
A choco-peanut candy brand in the Philippines.
Starr
Rebisco
Formerly known as Storck. A mentholated hard candy that cools, soothes and freshens breath.
Vanparys manufactures a type of chocolate dragée: a Belgian dark chocolate, coated with thin layers of sugar, and made in 50 colors in three finishes: matte, glossy, or pearlescent.
Fazer Geisha is soft milk chocolate contains hazelnut nougat filling.
Dumle
Fazer Dumle is milk chocolate that contains toffee inside it.
Marianne
Fazer Marianne has a hard cover and a chocolate heart inside it.
Turkish Peber
Fazer Tyrkisk Peber has a hard and thick cover and contains salmiakki powder.
London drops
Pastel-coloured liquorice drops with a hard, sugary aniseed-flavoured coating.
Pirate coins
Coin-shaped salty liquorice and fruit flavoured candies with pirate-inspired images.
Finlandia
Spherical fruit-flavoured marmalade candies.
Vihreät kuulat
Spherical pear-flavoured marmalade candies.
Liqueur Fills
Chocolate covered confectionary with inner sugar shell containing small amount of liquid alcohol: Rum, Punsch, Maraschino or Cherry Brandy. Alcohol content is 2.8%.
This traditional French candy consists of a smooth, pale yellow, homogeneous paste of candied fruit (especially melons and oranges) and ground almonds topped with a thin layer of royal icing. The calisson is believed to have its origins in medievalItaly.
Carambar
Delespaul-Havez company
A chewy caramel candy. In 1972, the name changed to "Super Caram'bar". In 1977, the name lost its apostrophe.
The chocolate truffle is thought to have been first created by N. Petruccelli in Chambéry, France in December 1895.[20] They are traditionally made with a chocolate ganache centre coated in chocolate, icing sugar, cocoa powder or chopped toasted nuts (typically hazelnuts, almonds or coconut), usually in a spherical, conical, or curved shape.
Cocon de Lyon
Oblong candy shaped like a cocoon, with an outside made of almond paste and an inside filling of praline, candied orange peels, and Curaçao.
Coucougnette
Maison Francis Miot
Confection made with almonds, marzipan, and chocolate.
Invented in 1969 by the Haribo Company, which invented the gummy bear. The Fraise Tagada is presented in the shape of an inflated strawberry covered in fine sugar, colored pink and scented. In France, the Fraise Tagada is one of the most widely sold candies (1 billion Fraises annually) and also one of the most imitated.
The first French chewing gum, it was created in 1952. The French were introduced to chewing gum for the first time by the American troops stationed there in 1944. In 1958, the gum's main advertising focus was that of the American Dream. While Hollywood now offers a variety of different flavors, the very first flavor was spearmint.[21]
A sweet meringue-based cookie sandwich, with ganache, jam, or buttercream, between two halves. Traditionally believed to have been introduced to France by the Italian chef of queen Catherine De Medici during the Renaissance period.
A marron glacé (plural marrons glacés) is a confection, originating in southern France and northern Italy consisting of a chestnutcandied in sugar syrup and glazed. Marrons glacés are an ingredient in many desserts and are also eaten on their own.
Niniche de Quiberon
Cylindrical lollipops (hard candies), in a variety of flavors.
Nougat de Montélimar
Soft, nutty candy made of almonds, honey, and a light mousse of egg whites.
A milk chocolate candy that was first created in 1901. The candy's packaging is unique and includes its iconic lilac-colored cow, which helps tie the candy back to its Alpine heritage.[22]
Nappo
WAWI chocolate AG
A diamond-shaped, chocolate-covered nougat produced in Germany since 1925.
A chocolate bar popular in Hungary since 1968. The bar is composed of a thin outer coating of chocolate and an inner filling of túró (curd). The "Rudi" in the product name comes from the Hungarian "rúd", which translates to rod or bar (and is also a nickname for the name Rudolf). Túró Rudi can be made in different flavors and sizes.
Sport szelet
A chocolate bar produced in Hungary in the 1950s. It has a dark chocolate coating and an inner filling of rum.
Negro
Győri Keksz Kft.
A Hungarian candy, its black color is derived from molasses, and menthol is used to add flavor. Its full recipe is an industrial secret.[23][24]
Almonds that are sugar panned in various pastel colors.[25] In Sulmona, Italy, the technique of creating the dragée almonds was perfected by the Pelino family.[26] Jordan Almonds are thought to originate from ancient Greece, where honey-covered almonds were commonly eaten at festivities.
Introduced in 1955, it is a candy of the Polish People's Republic. It is a chocolate-covered wafer, with four layers of wafer joined by three layers of chocolate-flavored filling.
Chewy, firm pastille-type sweets similar to gumdrops without the sugar coating
Scotland
Name
Manufacturer
Image
Description
Tablet
A medium-hard, sugary confection from Scotland. Tablet is usually made from sugar, condensed milk, and butter, boiled to a soft-ball stage and allowed to crystallize. It is often flavored with vanilla, and sometimes has nut pieces in it.[29]
A gummy candy shaped like a kid and coated in both invert sugar and sour sugar.
Mexico
Name
Manufacturer
Image
Description
Mazapán de la Rosa
Dulces de la Rosa
One of the most popular candies in Mexico, this is similar to marzipan but made with crushed peanuts and sugar.
Saladitos
Various
Considered as a candy in Mexico, Saladitos are saltedplums, which can also be sweetened with sugar and anise or coated in chili and lime. They originated in China.
Ayds was an appetite-suppressant candy which enjoyed strong sales in the 1970s and early 1980s. By the mid-1980s, public awareness of the disease AIDS caused problems for the brand due to the phonetic similarity of the names. While initially sales were not affected, by 1988 the chair of Dep Corporation announced that the company was seeking a new name because sales had dropped as much as 50% due to publicity about the disease.[31] While the product's name was changed to Diet Ayds (Aydslim in Britain), it was eventually withdrawn from the market.
Big Hunk
Annabelle Candy Company
Bar of roasted peanuts covered in honey sweetened nougat.
Introduced in 1924 and was made by the Schutter-Johnson Company. Acquired by the Nestlé Company in 1984
Candy Raisins
Lake Country Candies
A soft jujube candy popular in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States. The candy was produced from the 1930s until 2008, discontinued, then revived in 2014.
Similar to Almond Joy, it consists of a coconut based center; however, it is enrobed with dark chocolate rather than milk chocolate and does not contain almonds.
Cream confection with three flavors (chocolate, hazelnut, and toffee) combined in one 15 gram container.
King Kong milk candy
Made of milk cookies, filled with Peruvian blancmange, some pineapple sweet and in some cases peanuts, with cookies within its layers. weights are one-half and one kilogram sizes.
Small round sweet consisting of a soft chocolate centre with a hard covering of orange flavoured, red coloured confectionery.
Musk stick
Semi-soft sticks of fondant (usually pink) with a floral aroma.
New Zealand
Name
Manufacturer
Image
Description
Chocolate fish
Pink or white marshmallow covered in a thin layer of milk chocolate.
Pineapple Lumps
Pascall (Cadbury)
Flavoured chocolate covered confectionery with a soft, chewy pineapple-flavoured middle. Originally manufactured in New Zealand, but now produced in Australia[32]
Peanut Slab
Whittaker's
Crunchy roasted peanuts surrounded by creamy milk chocolate. An iconic Kiwi chocolate bar that is still in production and has been since the 1950's.
^Bell, John Joy (1903). Wee Macgreegor. BiblioBazaar. pp. 8–9. ISBN 9780559576188. {{cite book}}: ISBN / Date incompatibility (help)
^The gelt chronicles, Leah Koenig, The Forward, reprinted in Haaretz, November 12, 2009; Rabbi Deborah R. Prinz, "Christmas and Chocolate Melt Together" in Petits Propos Culinaires 89, January 2010.