List of political ideologies

In political science, a political ideology is a certain set of ethical ideals, principles, doctrines, myths or symbols of a social movement, institution, class or large group that explains how society should work and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.

A political ideology largely concerns itself with how to allocate power and to what ends it should be used. Some political parties follow a certain ideology very closely while others may take broad inspiration from a group of related ideologies without specifically embracing any one of them.

An ideology's popularity is partly due to the influence of moral entrepreneurs, who sometimes act in their own interests. Political ideologies have two dimensions: (1) goals: how society should be organized; and (2) methods: the most appropriate way to achieve this goal.

An ideology is a collection of ideas. Typically, each ideology contains certain ideas on what it considers to be the best form of government (e.g. autocracy or democracy) and the best economic system (e.g. capitalism or socialism). The same word is sometimes used to identify both an ideology and one of its main ideas.

For instance, socialism may refer to an economic system, or it may refer to an ideology that supports that economic system. The same term may also refer to multiple ideologies, which is why political scientists try to find consensus definitions for these terms.

For example, while the terms have been conflated at times, communism has come in common parlance and in academics to refer to Soviet-type regimes and Marxist–Leninist ideologies, whereas socialism has come to refer to a wider range of differing ideologies which are most often distinct from Marxism–Leninism.^[1]

Political ideology is a term fraught with problems, having been called "the most elusive concept in the whole of social science".^[2]

While ideologies tend to identify themselves by their position on the political spectrum (such as the left, the centre or the right), they can be distinguished from political strategies (e.g. populism as it is commonly defined) and from single issues around which a party may be built (e.g. civil libertarianism and support or opposition to European integration), although either of these may or may not be central to a particular ideology. Several studies show that political ideology is heritable within families.^{[3][4][5][6][7]}

The following list is strictly alphabetical and attempts to divide the ideologies found in practical political life into several groups, with each group containing ideologies that are related to each other. The headers refer to the names of the best-known ideologies in each group.

The names of the headers do not necessarily imply some hierarchical order or that one ideology evolved out of the other. Instead, they are merely noting that the ideologies in question are practically, historically, and ideologically related to each other.

As such, one ideology can belong to several groups and there is sometimes considerable overlap between related ideologies. The meaning of a political label can also differ between countries and political parties often subscribe to a combination of ideologies.

• Anti-authoritarianism
• Anti-monarchism
  • Monarchomachs
• Decolonization

• Theocracy

• Kibbutz
• Obshchina
• Singapore
• Zadruga

Political internationals

• Anti-communism
  • McCarthyism
  • Pinochetism
• Anti-Marxism
• Anti-socialism

• Christian communism
  • Bruderhofs
  • Diggers
  • Hutterites
  • Shakers
• Islamic communism
  • Nasakom
• Jewish communism

• Australia
• New Zealand

Political internationals

• International Democrat Union (conservatism)
• International Monarchist League (monarchism)

• Christian corporatism
  • Distributism

Pirate politics
Ideology	Anti-corruption Civil libertarianism Civil rights Direct democracy E-democracy Participatory democracy Social liberalism

Political internationals

• Anti-democratism

Political internationals

• Centrist Democrat International (Christian democracy)
• Christian Democrat Organization of America (Christian democracy)

• Distributism
  • Social credit movement
• Gremialismo
• Popularism

• Christian democracy
• Islamic democracy
• Jewish democracy
• Theodemocracy

• Egypt
• Morocco

• Australia

Political internationals

• Friends of the Earth (environmentalism)
• Global Greens (green politics)
• World Ecological Parties (bright green environmentalism)

• Anti-environmentalism
• Wise use movement

• South Africa

• United States

• Switzerland

• Australia
• New Zealand

Political internationals

• World Union of National Socialists (Nazism)

• Rwanda
• South Africa
  • Afrikaner Weerstandsbeweging
  • Blanke Bevrydingsbeweging
• Togo
• Zaire

• Australia
• New Zealand
  • Neo-Nazism

Political internationals

• International Council of Women (feminism)
• Minority Rights Group International (minority rights)
• Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (indigenous rights and self-determination)

• Antifeminism

• Australia
• New Zealand

• Black nationalism
  • Garveyism
• Black separatism
• Black supremacism
• Black Feminism

• White nationalism
• White separatism
• White supremacism
• White feminism

• South Africa

• Pakistan

• Belgium
• Bosnia, and Herzegovina
• Georgia
  • Separatism in Chechnya
  • Separatism in Dagestan
  • Separatism in Tatarstan
  • Separatism in Ural
• Serbia
• Spain
  • Basque separatism
  • Catalan separatism
• Ukraine
• United Kingdom

• Australia
  • Tasmania

• Feminist separatism
  • Lesbian separatism
• Homonationalism
• Matriarchy
• Patriarchy

• Anarchist free school movement
• Student activism

Political internationals

• Liberal International (liberalism)
• Transnational Radical Party (radicalism)

• Anti-liberalism
• Illiberal democracy

• Australia
• New Zealand

Political internationals

• Center for a Stateless Society (left-libertarianism)
• International Alliance of Libertarian Parties (right-libertarianism)
• International of Anarchist Federations (anarchism)
• International Union for Land Value Taxation (Georgism)
• Liberty International (right-libertarianism)

• Anti-libertarianism

• Christian libertarianism
• Libertarian Christianity

• • Anarchism

• Hong Kong

• United Kingdom
  • Anarchism
    • Anarcho-communism
    • Anarcho-naturism
    • Individualist anarchism
  • Thatcherism

• Australia
  • Anarchism
    • Anarcho-technocracy

Political internationals

• International Conference of Asian Political Parties (pan-Asianism and regionalism)
• The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
• Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (nationalism and self-determination)

• Australia
• New Zealand
  • Māori
  • South Island

Political internationals

• Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
• The Movement (neo-nationalism and right-wing populism)
• Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)

• Arab Spring movement

• Australia
  • One Nation Party
• New Zealand
  • New Zealand First

Political internationals

• Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy)
• Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)

• Economic progressivism
• Social progressivism
• Techno-progressivism
• Transnational progressivism

• Progressive conservatism
• Reform movement
• Social justice movement
• Technocracy movement

• Anti-progressivism

• Islamic progressivism
• Progressive Christianity

Political internationals

• Centrist Democrat International (Christian democracy)
• Hizb ut-Tahrir (Islamism)
• Humanist International (humanism)
• Muslim Brotherhood (Islamism)

• Atheist feminism
• Marxist–Leninist atheism
• Secular humanism
• Secular liberalism
• State atheism

• New world order (Baháʼí)
  • Opposition

• Neo-Confucianism
• New Confucianism

• Maori environmentalism

• State Shinto
  • Showa Statism

• Khalistan movement
• Sikh feminism

• Huang–Lao
• Way of the Five Pecks of Rice
• Way of the Taiping

• Mazdakism

• Abstentionism
• Anti-Centrism
• Apoliticism

• Anti-politics
• Dark Enlightenment
• Nihilistic violent extremism
• Populism

• Political quietism

Political internationals

• Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, social democracy and socialism of the 21st century)
• Progressive Alliance (progressivism and social democracy)
• Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
• Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)

• Anti-welfarism
• Lemon socialism
• Social fascism

• Australia
• Melanesia
• New Zealand

Political internationals

• African Socialist International (African socialism, Pan-Africanism)
• Foro de São Paulo (democratic socialism, left-wing populism and socialism of the 21st century)
• Progressive International (democratic socialism, left-wing populism, progressivism and social democracy)
• Socialist International (democratic socialism and social democracy)
• World Socialist Movement (anti-Leninism, classical Marxism, impossibilism and international socialism)

• Anti-socialism

Political internationals

• International Confederation of Labor (anarcho-syndicalism and revolutionary syndicalism)
• International Workers' Association (anarcho-syndicalism)

• Anti-unionism

Political internationals

• Humanity+ (transhumanist politics)

• Anarcho-transhumanism
• Democratic transhumanism
• Libertarian transhumanism

• United States

• Direct democracy
• Ideology
• List of communist ideologies
• List of forms of government
• List of ideologies named after people
• List of political systems in France
• Participatory democracy
• Political international
• Political party
• Political philosophy
• Representative democracy
• Suffrage
  • Universal suffrage