Lists of state leaders by age

Since 1800, the youngest serving state leader has been 0-days-old Alfonso XIII, King of Spain,^[1] while the oldest has been 96-year-old Elizabeth II, Queen of the United Kingdom and the other Commonwealth realms.

This article contains various lists of state leaders organized by age, defined as heads of state and/or heads of government.

Oldest serving state leaders

People currently serving as head of state and/or head of government, a party leader of a one-party state, or a representative of a head of state.

Rank	Name	State	Position	Assumed office	Born	Age
1	Paul Biya	Cameroon	President	1982^[2]	(1933-02-13)13 February 1933	93 years, 75 days
2	Mahmoud Abbas	Palestine	President	2005^[3]	(1935-11-15)15 November 1935	90 years, 165 days
3	Salman bin Abdulaziz al Saud	Saudi Arabia	King	2015^[4]	(1935-12-31)31 December 1935	90 years, 119 days
4	Harald V	Norway	King^[5]	1991	(1937-02-21)21 February 1937	89 years, 67 days
5	Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové	Togo	President	2025	(1939-05-07)7 May 1939	86 years, 357 days
6	Peter Mutharika	Malawi	President	2025^[6]	(1940-07-18)18 July 1940	85 years, 285 days
7	Mishal Al-Sabah	Kuwait	Emir	2023	(1940-09-27)27 September 1940	85 years, 214 days
8	Sergio Mattarella	Italy	President	2015	(1941-07-23)23 July 1941	84 years, 280 days
9	Alassane Ouattara	Côte d'Ivoire	President	2010^[7]	(1942-01-01)1 January 1942	84 years, 118 days
10	Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo	Equatorial Guinea	President	1982^[8]	(1942-06-05)5 June 1942	83 years, 328 days

Currently in office

Currently living

Rank	Name	State	Position	Last year in office (reason term ended)	Age at end
1	Giovanni Paolo Lascaris	Malta	Grand Master of the Knights Hospitaller	1657 (death)	97 years, 47 days
2	Elizabeth II	United Kingdom Other Commonwealth realms	Queen^[9]	2022 (death)	96 years, 140 days
3	Prem Tinsulanonda	Thailand	Regent	2016 (tenure ended)	96 years, 97 days
4	George Tupou I	Tonga	King	1893 (death)	95 years, 76 days
5	Mahathir Mohamad	Malaysia	Prime Minister	2020 (resigned)	94 years, 235 days
6	Nicolò da Ponte	Venice	Doge of Venice	1585 (death)	94 years, 196 days
7	Malietoa Tanumafili II	Samoa	O le Ao o le Malo	2007 (death)	94 years, 127 days
8	Robert Mugabe	Zimbabwe	President	2017 (resigned)	93 years, 273 days
9	Paul Biya	Cameroon	President	Incumbent	93 years, 75 days
10	Beji Caid Essebsi	Tunisia	President	2019 (death)	92 years, 238 days

Rank	Name	State	Position	Assumed office	Born	Age
1	Balendra Shah	Nepal	Prime Minister	2026	27 April 1990	36 years, 2 days
2	Kristrún Frostadóttir	Iceland	Prime Minister	2024	12 May 1988	37 years, 352 days
3	Ibrahim Traoré	Burkina Faso	President of the Patriotic Movement for Safeguard and Restoration, Interim President	2022	14 March 1988	38 years, 46 days
4	Daniel Noboa	Ecuador	President	2023	30 November 1987	38 years, 150 days
5	Milojko Spajić	Montenegro	Prime Minister	2023	24 September 1987	38 years, 217 days
6	Alice Mina	San Marino	Captain Regent	2026	22 April 1987	39 years, 7 days
7	Rob Jetten	Netherlands	Prime Minister	2026	25 March 1987	39 years, 35 days
8	Nyam-Osoryn Uchral	Mongolia	Prime Minister	2026	2 January 1987	39 years, 117 days
9	Jakov Milatović	Montenegro	President	2023	7 December 1986	39 years, 143 days
10	Sébastien Lecornu	France	Prime Minister	2025	11 June 1986	39 years, 322 days

Currently living

Rank	Name	State	Position	Assumed office	Age when assuming office
1	Alfonso XIII	Spain	King	1886	0 days^[1]
2	Sobhuza II	Swaziland	King	1899	141 days
3	Fuad II	Egypt	King	1952	192 days
4	Girvan Yuddha	Nepal	King	1799	1 year, 140 days
5	Puyi	China	Emperor	1908	2 years, 299 days
6	Rajendra	Nepal	King	1816	2 years, 353 days
7	Isabella II	Spain	Queen	1833	2 years, 354 days
8	Gyanendra	Nepal	King	1950^[10]	3 years, 123 days
9	Guangxu	China	Emperor	1875	3 years, 195 days
10	Mwambutsa IV	Burundi	King	1915	3 years, 224 days

The following lists show the oldest people who have served office as state leader (not limited to their age while in office).

Rank	Name	State	Position	Born	Age
1	Guillermo Rodríguez	Ecuador	Acting President (1972–1976)	4 November 1923	102 years, 176 days
2	Mahathir Mohamad	Malaysia	Prime Minister (1981–2003; 2018–2020)	10 July 1925	100 years, 293 days
3	Mohammad Hasan Sharq	Afghanistan	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988–1989)	17 July 1925	100 years, 286 days
4	Abdoulaye Wade	Senegal	President (2000–2012)	29 May 1926	99 years, 335 days
5	Valdas Adamkus	Lithuania	President (1998–2003; 2004–2009)	3 November 1926	99 years, 177 days
6	Raif Dizdarević	Yugoslavia	President of the Presidency (1988–1989)	9 December 1926	99 years, 141 days
7	Arthur Foulkes	Bahamas	Governor-General (2010–2014)	11 May 1928	97 years, 353 days
8	Péter Boross	Hungary	Prime Minister (1993–1994)	27 August 1928	97 years, 245 days
9	Zhu Rongji	China	Premier of the State Council (1998–2003)	23 October 1928	97 years, 188 days
10	Édouard Balladur	France	Prime Minister (1993–1995)	2 May 1929	96 years, 362 days

Currently living

No.	Name	State	Position	Birth	Death	Age
1	Chau Sen Cocsal Chhum	Cambodia	Acting Prime Minister (1962)	1 September 1905	22 January 2009	103 years, 143 days
2	Celâl Bayar	Turkey	Prime Minister (1937–1939) President (1950–1960)	16 May 1883	22 August 1986	103 years, 98 days
3	Antoine Pinay	France	Prime Minister (1952–1953)	30 December 1891	13 December 1994	102 years, 348 days
4	André Prunet-Foch	Andorra	French Viguier (1977–1980)	3 July 1914	30 January 2017	102 years, 211 days
5	Guillermo Rodríguez	Ecuador	Acting President (1972–1976)	4 Nov 1923	Alive	102 years, 176 days
6	Prince Naruhiko Higashikuni	Japan	Prime Minister (1945)	3 December 1887	20 January 1990	102 years, 48 days
7	Babiker Awadalla	Sudan	Acting Prime Minister (1969)	2 March 1917	17 January 2019	101 years, 321 days
8	Willem Drees	Netherlands	Prime Minister (1948–1958)	5 July 1886	14 May 1988	101 years, 314 days
9	Đỗ Mười	Vietnam	Chairman of the Council of Ministers (1988–1991) General Secretary of the Communist Party (1991–1997)	2 February 1917	1 October 2018	101 years, 241 days
10	Tomiichi Murayama	Japan	Prime Minister (1994–1996)	3 March 1924	17 October 2025	101 years, 228 days

^ ^a ^b Became a monarch at birth as his father, Alfonso XII, had died the previous year.
^ Previously served as Prime Minister of Cameroon from 1975–1982.
^ Previously served as Prime Minister of the Palestinian National Authority in 2003.
^ Served concurrently as Prime Minister of Saudi Arabia from 2015–2022.
^ The Kingdom of Norway includes the dependent territory of Svalbard.
^ Previously served as President of Malawi from 2014–2020.
^ Previously served as Prime Minister of Côte d'Ivoire from 1990–1993.
^ Previously served as Chairman of the Supreme Military Council of Equatorial Guinea from 1979–1982.
^ In 1952, Princess Elizabeth acceded as the monarch of seven Commonwealth realms. At the time of her death, she reigned as Queen of 15 sovereign states including the United Kingdom. From 1957–1983, most of her British colonies attained independence, and some joined the other realms in different years; most states ceased to be a realm upon becoming republics.
^ Gyanendra's first occupation of the throne was in 1950; he was deposed in the 1951 Nepalese revolution.

Lists of heads of state and government
Demography	Chinese origin Indian origin Jewish origin Women Muslim women LGBTQ Reportedly LGBTQ Age Oldest living Youngest
Removal and incarceration	Deposed by foreign powers Exiled Imprisoned Sentenced to death
Death	Assassinated or executed Died by suicide Died in aviation accidents Died in office
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