Malin 1

Malin 1
Image by the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, Data Release 10
Observation data (J2000.0[1] epoch)
ConstellationComa Berenices[2]
Right ascension12h 36m 59.34697s[1]
Declination+14° 19′ 49.1585″[1]
Redshift0.082702±0.000013[3]
Heliocentric radial velocity24750±10 km/s[3]
Galactocentric velocity24707±10 km/s[3]
Apparent magnitude (V)15.809±0.009[3]
Absolute magnitude (V)−22.01±0.50[3]
Characteristics
TypeSB0a[1]
Mass~1012[4] M☉
Size34.11 to 36.39 kpc
(111,250 to 118,690 ly)
(diameter; D25.0 B-band and 2MASS K-band total isophotes)[3][a]
Apparent size (V)0.25′ × 0.23′[3]
Notable featuresSurrounded by a H I disk
Other designations
PGC 42102, LEDA 42102, VPC 1091, 2MASX J12365934+1419494, Gaia DR2 3932516418935413504[1]

Malin 1 is a giant low surface brightness (LSB) spiral galaxy in the constellation Coma Berenices. It is located 1.19 billion light-years (366 Mpc) away near the North Galactic Pole, and is one of the largest known spiral galaxies, with an approximate diameter of 650,000 light-years (200,000 pc);[5][6][7] this makes Malin 1 over six times the diameter of our Milky Way. It was discovered by astronomer David Malin in 1986, from which it derives its namesake, and is the first LSB galaxy verified to exist.[8][7][5] Its bright center, an SB0a-type barred-spiral, is 30,000 light-years (9,200 pc) across, with a bulge of 10,000 light-years (3,100 pc).[5]

Structure

The galaxy exhibits giant and very faint spiral arms, with some segments estimated to be nearly 650,000 light-years (200,000 pc) in diameter.[5] Observations by Galaz et al. in April 2014 revealed a detailed view of the spiral structure of Malin 1 in optical bands.[9] Other details, such as possible stellar streams and formation regions, are revealed as well.[9]

Malin 1 is unique in several ways: its diameter alone makes it the largest barred spiral galaxy ever to have been observed.[4] Furthermore, it was found to possibly be interacting with two other galaxies, Malin 1B and SDSS J123708.91+142253.2;[8] Malin 1B is estimated to be located 46,000 light-years (14,000 pc) away from the high surface brightness central spiral of Malin 1, which may be responsible for the formation of the galaxy's central bar.[10] Meanwhile, SDSS J123708.91+142253.2 is located within the huge, faint halo of Malin 1 and might have caused the formation of the extended low surface brightness disc through tidal stripping.

Malin 1B

Malin 1B is a possible companion galaxy located at 2h 36m 58.89s and +14◦ 19′ 43.9′′ that may have interacted with Malin 1 and influenced its unusually large structure.[9][10] It is primarily composed of intergalactic filament, likely as an originally larger galaxy that shrunk due to the tidal forces that it experienced during its merger with Malin 1.[10]

  • Processed image of Malin 1 by Giuseppe Donatiello, showing its weak spiral arms; Malin 1B is visible as the second dark spot in the lower-right of the main galaxy, and SDSS J123708.91+142253.2 is to the top right.
    Processed image of Malin 1 by Giuseppe Donatiello, showing its weak spiral arms; Malin 1B is visible as the second dark spot in the lower-right of the main galaxy, and SDSS J123708.91+142253.2 is to the top right.
  • Malin 1 imaged in grayscale by the Hubble Space Telescope
    Malin 1 imaged in grayscale by the Hubble Space Telescope

See also

Notes

  1. ^ The quoted diameter in this infobox was based on NED's provided scale "Virgo + GA + Shapley" of 1.811 kpc/arcsec multiplied with given angular diameters.

References

  1. ^ a b c d e "2MASX J12365934+1419494". SIMBAD. Centre de données astronomiques de Strasbourg. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  2. ^ "PGC 42102". WikiSky. Archived from the original on 7 March 2019. Retrieved 27 October 2010.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Detailed Information for Object Malin 1". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
  4. ^ a b Barth, Aaron J. (March 2007). "A Normal Stellar Disk in the Galaxy Malin 1". The Astronomical Journal. 133 (3): 1085–1091. arXiv:astro-ph/0701018. Bibcode:2007AJ....133.1085B. doi:10.1086/511180. S2CID 14631639.
  5. ^ a b c d Crosswell, Ken (22 January 2007). "Malin 1: A Bizarre Galaxy Gets Slightly Less So". KenCroswell.com.
  6. ^ Dorminey, Bruce (22 December 2013). "Astronomers Still Puzzle Over 'Low Surface Brightness' Galaxies". Forbes. Retrieved 30 December 2014.
  7. ^ a b Glenday, Craig, ed. (2011). Guinness World Records 2011. New York: Random House. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-440-42310-2.
  8. ^ a b Bothun, Gregory D. (February 1997). "The Ghostliest Galaxies". Scientific American. 276 (2): 56–61. Bibcode:1997SciAm.276b..40B. doi:10.1038/scientificamerican0297-56. JSTOR 24993608.
  9. ^ a b c Galaz, Gaspar; et al. (December 2015). "Deep Optical Images of Malin 1 Reveal New Features". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 815 (2). L29. arXiv:1512.01095. Bibcode:2015ApJ...815L..29G. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/815/2/L29. S2CID 31114340.
  10. ^ a b c Reshetnikov, Vladimir P.; Moiseev, Alexei V..; Sotnikova, N.Ya. (27 May 2010). "Malin 1: Interacting galaxy pair?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Letters. 1 (90) – via ResearchGate.
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