Richfield, Wisconsin

Richfield, Wisconsin
Village
Location of Richfield in Washington County, Wisconsin
Coordinates: 43°14′7″N 88°13′57″W / 43.23528°N 88.23250°W / 43.23528; -88.23250
Country	United States
State	Wisconsin
County	Washington
Established	January 21, 1846
Incorporated	February 13, 2008
Area [1]
• Total	36.47 sq mi (94.5 km2)
• Land	35.92 sq mi (93.0 km2)
• Water	0.55 sq mi (1.4 km2)
Elevation [3]	1,148 ft (350 m)
Population  (2020)[2]
• Total	11,739
• Density	326.8/sq mi (126.2/km2)
Time zone	UTC-6 (Central (CST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-5 (CDT)
ZIP Code	53076
Area code	262
FIPS code	55-67475[4]
GNIS feature ID	1584022[3]
Website	www.richfieldwi.gov

Richfield is a village in Washington County, Wisconsin, United States. It is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area and is located approximately 21 miles (34 km) northwest of Milwaukee. The population was 11,739 at the 2020 census.^[2]

The area that is now Richfield was originally inhabited by Native Americans, including the Menominee and Potawatomi. In the early 1830s, the Menominee ceded their land to the United States through the 1831 Treaty of Washington. The Potawatomi ceded their territory in the 1833 Treaty of Chicago, which called for their removal by 1838.^[6][7] Most Potawatomi were relocated west of the Mississippi River, but some remained in Wisconsin where they lived on ancestral lands by squatting in areas now occupied by white settlement.^[8]

White settlement in the Richfield area began in 1841 with the arrival of early land purchasers. On May 31 of that year, land speculator Samuel Spivey acquired 600 acres, followed weeks later by Jacob Snyder, who became the first permanent white settler after purchasing land on July 9, 1841.^{[9]: 33–35}

By 1843, German immigrants, particularly from Hesse-Darmstadt, had begun establishing farms in the area, contributing to the development of a growing rural community. In 1845, German Catholic settlers built the first church in the area, dedicating it to Saint Hubertus. The surrounding region is now the unincorporated community of Hubertus.^{[9]: 33–35}

The Town of Richfield was organized on January 21, 1846.^[11] By 1848, the majority of the town's land was held by Irish and German immigrant farmers. During this period, the local economy was primarily driven by wheat farming. This remained the dominant output until the 1880s, when a shift toward dairy farming occurred in Richfield and throughout Wisconsin.^[6][11]

In 1855, the La Crosse and Milwaukee Railroad was constructed through the town. To finance the railroad's expansion, many local landowners took out mortgages on their land in exchange for company shares. The company failed in 1861, leaving the farmers with valueless shares but active mortgages to pay off. This created a local crisis in which several families were forced to sell their farms to satisfy the debt.^{[9]: 91–92}

In the early 20th century, camps and other recreational facilities began to be established on the shores of the local kettle lakes, including YMCA Camp Minikani on Lake Amy Belle.^[11]

The town remained primarily agricultural until the 1970s, when suburbanization led to increased real estate development and a decline in farming. On November 6, 2007, residents voted to incorporate the town as a village. The measure passed by a 3-to-1 margin, and the Village of Richfield was officially established on February 13, 2008.^[12][11]

Richfield is located in the southern part of Washington County in southeastern Wisconsin. The village is located approximately 21 miles (34 km) northwest of Milwaukee and is part of the Milwaukee metropolitan area. It is bordered by the communities of Polk to the north, Germantown to the east, Lisbon to the south, and Erin to the west.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 36.47 square miles (94.46 km²), of which 35.92 square miles (93.03 km²) is land and 0.55 square miles (1.42 km²) is water.^[1] Richfield lies within the Kettle Moraine region, characterized by rolling hills and kettle lakes, including Friess Lake, which is the largest in the village.^[11] Unincorporated communities within the village include Hubertus and parts of Colgate and Lake Five.

As of the 2020 census, Richfield had a population of 11,739. The median age was 48.7 years. 21.1% of residents were under the age of 18 and 19.7% of residents were 65 years of age or older. For every 100 females there were 102.6 males, and for every 100 females age 18 and over there were 102.8 males age 18 and over.^[14][15]

3.0% of residents lived in urban areas, while 97.0% lived in rural areas.^[16]

There were 4,492 households in Richfield, of which 29.1% had children under the age of 18 living in them. Of all households, 73.3% were married-couple households, 11.5% were households with a male householder and no spouse or partner present, and 10.5% were households with a female householder and no spouse or partner present. About 14.8% of all households were made up of individuals and 7.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.^[14]

There were 4,660 housing units, of which 3.6% were vacant. The homeowner vacancy rate was 0.4% and the rental vacancy rate was 3.1%.^[14]

As of the 2010 census,^[4] there were 11,300 people, 4,170 households, and 3,465 families living in the village. The population density was 314.7 inhabitants per square mile (121.5/km²). There were 4,338 housing units at an average density of 120.8 per square mile (46.6/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 96.9% White, 0.8% African American, 0.3% Native American, 1.1% Asian, 0.4% from other races, and 0.5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.4% of the population.

There were 4,170 households, of which 34.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 75.6% were married couples living together, 4.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.3% had a male householder with no wife present, and 16.9% were non-families. 13.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.71 and the average family size was 2.99.

The median age in the village was 45 years. 23.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.9% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 20.3% were from 25 to 44; 37.5% were from 45 to 64; and 12.5% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 51.1% male and 48.9% female.

As of the 2000 census,^[4] there were 10,373 people, 3,614 households, and 3,111 families living in the town. The population density was 289.2 people per square mile (111.7/km²). There were 3,766 housing units at an average density of 105.0 per square mile (40.5/km²). The racial makeup of the village was 98.28% White, 0.23% African American, 0.04% Native American, 0.67% Asian, 0.07% Pacific Islander, 0.11% from other races, and 0.61% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.70% of the population.

There were 3,614 households, out of which 38.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 78.7% were married couples living together, 4.3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 13.9% were non-families. 11.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.10.

In the village the population was spread out, with 26.6% under the age of 18, 6.1% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 30.1% from 45 to 64, and 8.1% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 104.6 males.

The median income for a household in the village was $72,809, and the median income for a family was $77,572. Males had a median income of $52,048 versus $31,156 for females. The per capita income for the village was $29,859. About 1.1% of families and 1.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.4% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.

Richfield is served by both the Holy Hill Area School District and the Germantown School District.^[17] The Holy Hill Area School District includes Friess Lake Elementary School and Richfield Middle School and is part of the Hartford Union High School District. Amy Belle Elementary School, located in the southeast portion of the village, is part of the Germantown School District.^[18]

• Josh Bilicki, racing driver^[19]
• Alex Kister, creator of the Mandela Catalogue^[20]

• Village of Richfield

43°15′22″N 88°11′38″W / 43.256111°N 88.193889°W / 43.256111; -88.193889