Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War
Pro-independence movements in the Russian Civil War within the territory of the former Russian Empire sought the creation of independent nation states that were not aligned with the Bolsheviks after the October Revolution. Many pro-independence movements emerged after the dissolution of the Russian Empire and fought in the Russian Civil War.[1]
The following list presents some of the pro-independence movements and the conflicts they were involved in during this period.
Western periphery
Finland (independence from 1917)
- Finnish Civil War
- Heimosodat
- Viena expedition
- Aunus expedition
United Baltic Duchy
Baltic State (Lasted from April to September 1918)- Duchy of Courland and Semigallia (1918)
Estonia (independence from 1918)
Estonian Provisional Government
Commune of the Working People of Estonia
Latvia (independence from 1918)
Latvian Provisional Government
Iskolat
Latvian Socialist Soviet Republic
Lithuania (independence from 1918)
Perloja
Republic of Vandžiogala
Republic of Babtai
Central Lithuania[pro-Polish]
Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic
Poland (independence from 1918)
Soviet Republic of Naissaar
West Ukrainian People's Republic (independence 1918–1919/1923; annexed by Poland in 1919)[pro-West]
Ukrainian People's Republic (independence 1917–1921; partitioned between Poland and the Ukrainian SSR)[pro-East]
Ukrainian State
Komancza (Eastern Lemko Republic)[pro-Ukrainian]
Hutsul
Kholodny Yar Republic- Mliivska Republic
- Republic of the Black Forest
- Medvyn Rebellion
Donetsk–Krivoy Rog Soviet Republic
Odessa Soviet Republic
Bashtanka Republic
Ukrainian People's Republic of Soviets
Ukrainian Soviet Republic
Belarusian People's Republic (independence 1918–1919; partitioned between Poland and the Belarusian SSR)
Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia
Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia
Koydan Independent Republic
Crimea (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR in 1921)
Moldavian Democratic Republic (united with Romania in 1918)
Lemko Republic (independence 1918–1920; annexed by Poland in 1920)[pro-Russian]
Galician Soviet Socialist Republic (independence 1920; liquidated in 1920)[puppet state]
European Russia
- East European Russia
Bashkiria (autonomy and de facto independence 1917–1919; joined the Russian SFSR)
Chuvashia (Independence 1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Idel-Ural (independence 1917–1918; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Provisional Regional Government of the Urals (independence 1918; annexed by the Provisional All-Russian Government )
- North European Russia
North Ingria
Committee of Uhtua
Republic of Uhtua
Provisional Government of White Karelia
Provisional Government of Karelia
Olonets Government of Southern Karelia
Karelian United Government
Republic of Eastern Karelia
Karelian Temporary Committee
Center Committee Karelian Village of Uhtua
- South European Russia
Kuban Rada (formed into April, 1917. Became the Kuban People's Republic in 1918)
Kuban People's Republic (independence 1918–1920; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Don Republic (independence 1918–1919; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Eastern periphery
Siberian regionalism
Siberian Republic
Buryat-Mongolia
Balagad state
Confederated Republic of Altai
"second" Confederated Republic of Altai
Yakutia
Green Ukraine
Tungus Republic
Far Eastern Republic (nominally independent 1920–1922; merged with the RSFSR)
Caucasus
Transcaucasia
Azerbaijan (independence 1918–1920; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Azerbaijan SSR)
Republic of Aras
- Armenian–Azerbaijani War
- Red Army invasion of Azerbaijan
Armenia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Armenian SSR)
Georgia (independence 1918–1921; invaded by the Russian SFSR and transformed into the Georgian SSR)
Republic of Batumi
Kars Republic[Pro-Turkish]
Caucasian Emirate
Mughan
Mughan Soviet Republic
Baku Commune
Centrocaspian Dictatorship
United Republics (independence 1917–1922; annexed by the Russian SFSR)
Central Asia
Basmachi
Alash Autonomy
Khiva
Emirate of Bukhara
Turkestan Autonomy- Ukrainian national movement on Gray Klyn (1917-1921)
Transcaspian Government
Semirechye Cossacks