Romanians in Spain

Romanians in Spain
Total population
609,270 Romanian citizens (2025)[1]
521,181 born in Romania (2025)[2]
Languages
Romanian, Spanish
Religion
Predominantly: Romanian Orthodox;
also: Greek Catholic, Roman Catholic
Related ethnic groups
Romanian Britons, Romanian Italians, Romanian Germans, Romanian Australians, Romanian Americans, Romanian Canadians, Romanian French people

Romanians form the second largest group of foreigners in Spain, after Moroccans.[3] As of 2025, there were 609,270 Romanian citizens[1] and 521,181 people born in Romania living in Spain.[2] Most of the immigration took place given economic reasons. The linguistic similarities between Romanian and Spanish, as well as Romanians' Romance identity, are also a reason for the country's attractiveness to Romanians.[4]

Background

After the December, 1989 Romanian Revolution, emigration was liberalized, but for the next few years, emigration to Spain was modest. It started to increase slowly during the late 1990s, and exploded after 2002. Emigration was further facilitated by the entry of Romania in the EU in 2007. By 2011, it reached a peak of nearly 900,000 people, after which the Romanian population has been steadily decreasing as a result of emigration from Spain since 2012 due to the economic problems and unemployment in Spain, as well as because of Romania's rapid economic improvement, falling to 623,097 by 2022.[5] Because of this, the diaspora in Italy, which has stabilised in numbers above 1 million people, is now considerably larger than that in Spain.

Population

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1998 2,258—    
1999 3,147+39.4%
2000 6,410+103.7%
2001 31,641+393.6%
2002 67,279+112.6%
2003 137,347+104.1%
2004 207,960+51.4%
2005 317,366+52.6%
2006 407,159+28.3%
2007 527,019+29.4%
2008 731,806+38.9%
2009 798,892+9.2%
2010 831,235+4.0%
2011 865,707+4.1%
2012 897,203+3.6%
2013 870,258−3.0%
2014 797,054−8.4%
2015 752,268−5.6%
2016 717,462−4.6%
2017 687,733−4.1%
2018 676,005−1.7%
2019 671,985−0.6%
2020 667,378−0.7%
2021 644,473−3.4%
2022 627,478−2.6%
2023 629,755+0.4%
2024 620,463−1.5%
2025 609,270−1.8%

Romanian diaspora in Spain is today the second Romanian diaspora in the EU, after that of Italy. Romanians in Spain have settled especially in the provinces of Madrid, Castellón, Valencia, Zaragoza and Barcelona.[6]

As of 2014, one in every ten inhabitants of the city of Alcalá de Henares, in the Community of Madrid, were Romanian immigrants. Totaling 21,892 (10.6% of the city's population), this number decreased by 43.7% to 12,362 in 2025. Alcalá de Henares had one of the largest Romanian communities in Spain,[7] which in 2006 founded the first Romanian political party of Spain, the Romanian Independent Party (Partido Independiente Rumano, PIR).[8]

As of 2025–2026, the municipality of Fuente el Olmo de Fuentidueña in the Province of Segovia, Castile and León, was populated by a majority of Romanian immigrants.[9][10]

As of 2026, out of some 520,000 Romanian-born people in Spain, only some 25,000, around 5%, had become naturalized.[11]

In a 2026 analysis by newspaper ABC based on Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas (CIS) polls from 2024 to 2026, Romanians scored as the second group of naturalized migrants in Spain most inclined to vote for right-wing parties, being surpassed by Venezuelans and Cubans, who scored the same.[11]

Romanian diaspora inside the EU between 2008 and 2012

Notable individuals

  • Florin Andone (born 1993), footballer
  • Gelu Barbu (1932–2016), ballet dancer and choreographer
  • Alexandru Buligan (born 1960), handball player and coach
  • Mihaela Ciobanu (born 1973), handball player
  • Cosmin Contra (born 1975), footballer and coach
  • Gheorghe Craioveanu (born 1968), footballer
  • Alexandru Dedu (born 1971), handball player
  • Constantin Gâlcă (born 1972), footballer and coach
  • Cristian Ganea (born 1992), footballer
  • Adrian Ilie (born 1974), footballer
  • Valeriu Lazarov (1935–2009), television producer, director of Spanish channel Telecinco
  • Alina Nastase (born 1990), actress, model and director
  • Gheorghe Popescu (born 1967), footballer
  • Roxana Popa (born 1997), artistic gymnast
  • Virgil Popa (born 1975), conductor
  • Amelia Tiganus (born 1984), writer and abolitionist activist
  • Marcela Topor (born 1976), journalist

See also

References

  1. ^ a b Población residente por fecha, sexo, grupo de edad y nacionalidad – 1 de enero de 2025 (in Spanish).
  2. ^ a b Población residente por fecha, sexo, grupo de edad y país de nacimiento (in Spanish).
  3. ^ "Number of Romanians in Spain declined in 2017". 26 June 2018. Archived from the original on 9 November 2021. Retrieved 10 August 2020.
  4. ^ Sorin Pâslaru (30 June 2016). "De ce trebuie România să constituie Alianţa Latină împreună cu Italia şi Spania. Ce avem de făcut în NUE – Noua Uniune Europeană". Ziarul Financiar (in Romanian). Archived from the original on 3 August 2016. Retrieved 10 March 2018.
  5. ^ "Población extranjera por Nacionalidad, comunidades, Sexo y Año. Datos provisionales 2022". INE. Archived from the original on 17 June 2022. Retrieved 29 May 2022.
  6. ^ "report-spain.pdf" (PDF). December 2011. Archived (PDF) from the original on 12 April 2023. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
  7. ^ "Los rumanos abandonan Alcalá de Henares ¿Adónde se van?". El Puerta (in Spanish). 24 January 2025.
  8. ^ de la Cal, Juan Carlos (22 October 2006). "Los rumanos ya tienen su partido en España". El Mundo (in Spanish). No. 573.
  9. ^ Calabor, Luis (31 May 2025). "El sorprendente pueblo de Segovia que es el que más extranjeros tiene de España: casi todos son del mismo país" (in Spanish). Cadena COPE.
  10. ^ García, David (3 March 2026). "Fuente el Olmo de Fuentidueña, la 'Pequeña Bucarest' de Castilla y León con un 75% de rumanos donde arrasan PP y Vox". El Español (in Spanish).
  11. ^ a b Cano, Luis (4 March 2025). "¿Qué votan los inmigrantes en España? Marroquíes, a la izquierda; venezolanos, a PP y Vox". ABC (in Spanish).

Sources

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