Sürmene

Sürmene
District and municipality
Memiş Ağa Mansion in Sürmene
Memiş Ağa Mansion in Sürmene
Map showing Sürmene District in Trabzon Province
Map showing Sürmene District in Trabzon Province
Sürmene is located in Turkey
Sürmene
Sürmene
Location in Turkey
Coordinates: 40°54′51″N 40°06′45″E / 40.91417°N 40.11250°E / 40.91417; 40.11250
CountryTurkey
ProvinceTrabzon
Government
 • MayorRahmi Üstün (AKP)
Area
166 km2 (64 sq mi)
Elevation
20 m (66 ft)
Population
 (2022)[1]
25,950
 • Density156/km2 (405/sq mi)
Time zoneUTC+3 (TRT)
Postal code
61600
Area code0462
ClimateCfa
Websitewww.surmene.bel.tr

Sürmene (Turkish: [syɾˈmene]; Greek: Σούρμενα, Sourmena; Ottoman Turkish: ﺳﻮرﻣﻨﻪ, romanized as Sürmena[/e]) is a municipality and district of Trabzon Province, Turkey.[2] Its area is 166 km2,[3] and its population is 25,950 (2022).[1] In ancient times the town of Hyssus or Hyssos (Ancient Greek: Υσσός) was nearby.[4] The mayor is Rahmi Üstün (AKP).

Sürmene (Humurgan)[5] is situated some 40 km (25 mi) east of Trabzon. Known in antiquity also as Susarmia or Augustopolis, it lies on the River Kora (Manahoz Deresi) and is best known as the place where Xenophon and his Ten Thousand fell sick after eating wild honey, an event which was confirmed by the local people. In the village of Kastil, 5 km (3.1 mi) to the west of Sürmene, stands a ruined medieval castle as well as the impressively restored 18th-century Yakupoğlu Memiş Ağa Konağı mansion. This was formerly the seat of the Yakupoğlu family, who lived here as rulers (derebeys, hence its alternative name of Derebeyli Kale, the Castle of the Derebeys) of the surrounding region relatively free of interference from the Ottoman government in faraway Constantinople/Istanbul.

History

Sürmene (Gr: Surmena, Σούρμενα) is a seaside town and district situated approximately 30 km east of Trabzon. Before 1923, the number of Greeks living in the district was around 14,000. The settlements with large Greek communities were located close to the Monakos River (today Manahoz Stream). Some of the larger Greek settlements included Kelonsa (350 Greek families, 1 church), Tzita (350 Greek families, 2 churches), Assou (250 Greek families, 1 church) and Tsikoli (200 Greek families, 1 church).

The Greek settlements

Χουμουρκιάντων - Houmourkianton (the regional centre)

Ασού - Asou

Καρακαντζί - Karakantzi

Καταβόλ - Katavol

Κελόνσα - Kelonsa

Μεξεζί - Meksezi

Μουλκάντων (Χοτζαράντων) - Moulkanton (Hotzaranton)

Πετράς - Petras

Πύργη - Pirgi

Τσικολή - Tsikoli

Τσίτα - Tsita

Χαλανική - Halaniki

  • This list of the Greek villages of Pontus (or villages where Greeks resided) was compiled by the Center of Asia Minor Studies (Κέντρο Μικρασιατικών Σπουδών) which is based in Greece. The list may exclude some villages which weren't known at the time the study was completed. Source: The History of Pontian Hellenism, Christos Samouilidis, Thessaloniki 1992.

Economy

Historically, Sürmene produced small amounts of manganese. The area also had mineral springs, and shipped bottled water to Istanbul.[6]

Composition

There are 37 neighbourhoods in Sürmene District:[7]

  • Aksu
  • Armutlu
  • Aşağıovalı
  • Balıklı
  • Birlik
  • Çamburnu
  • Çamlıca
  • Çarşı
  • Çavuşlu
  • Çiftesu
  • Çimenli
  • Dirlik
  • Fındıcak
  • Gültepe
  • Güneyköy
  • Kahraman
  • Karacakaya
  • Konak
  • Koyuncular
  • Küçükdere
  • Muratlı
  • Ormanseven
  • Ortaköy
  • Ortamahalle
  • Oylum
  • Petekli
  • Soğuksu
  • Üstündal
  • Üzümlü
  • Yazıoba
  • Yemişli
  • Yeniay
  • Yeşilköy
  • Yokuşbaşı
  • Yukarıçavuşlu
  • Yukarıovalı
  • Zeytinli

Flora and fauna

According to WWF the largest amount of endemic flora is to be found in the Ağaçbaşı yayla (summer upland pasture) in Sürmene.

  • The Chamber of Commerce of Sürmene -It was the first chamber of commerce in Turkey
    The Sürmeme Chamber of Commerce was the first chamber of commerce in Turkey
  • Sürmene Mekteb-i Rushdiye Sekbanlardan Ahmed Agha Shahadetnamesi (Diploma)
    Sürmene Mekteb-i Rushdiye Sekbanlardan Ahmed Agha Shahadetnamesi (Diploma)
  • Cavuszade Muhammed Agha's historical graveyard stone
    [8] Çavuşzade Muhammed Ağa's gravestone
  • Sürmene Festivali on the top of Madur mountain.
    Sürmene Festival on the top of Madur mountain.
  • Fatih Akın Turkish film director from Çamburnu
    Fatih Akın Turkish film director from Çamburnu, a village of Sürmene
  • Ten Thousand's route to Sürmene
    The route that brought Xenophon's Ten Thousand to Sürmene

See also

References

  1. ^ a b "Address-based population registration system (ADNKS) results dated 31 December 2022, Favorite Reports" (XLS). TÜİK. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  2. ^ Büyükşehir İlçe Belediyesi, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  3. ^ "İl ve İlçe Yüz ölçümleri". General Directorate of Mapping. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  4. ^ "An Overview of Rize's History". Republic of Turkey Ministry of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on September 29, 2007. Retrieved 2008-04-11.
  5. ^ "Humurgan". T.C. Kültür ve Turizm Bakanlığı. Retrieved 8 March 2023.
  6. ^ Prothero, W. G. (1920). Armenia and Kurdistan. London: H.M. Stationery Office. p. 73.
  7. ^ Mahalle, Turkey Civil Administration Departments Inventory. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  8. ^ "Çavuşpaşa.ni̇noğlu. Muhammetağa. Bölük.no.13.Öl. 1718".
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