Secretary of State for Education

Secretary of State for Education
Royal Arms of His Majesty's Government
since 5 July 2024
Department for Education (England)
Style
TypeMinister of the Crown
StatusSecretary of State
Member of
Reports toThe Prime Minister
SeatWestminster
NominatorThe Prime Minister
AppointerThe Monarch
(on the advice of the Prime Minister)
Term lengthAt His Majesty's Pleasure
Formation
  • 5 February 1857 (as Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education)
  • 12 May 2010: (as Secretary of State for Education)
First holderWilliam Cowper-Temple (as Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education)
DeputyMinister of State for Skills, Apprenticeships and Higher Education
Salary£159,038 per annum (2022)[1]
(including £86,584 MP salary)[2]
Websitegov.uk/government/organisations/department-for-education

The secretary of state for education, also referred to as the education secretary, is a secretary of state in the Government of the United Kingdom, responsible for the work of the Department for Education,[3] mainly overseeing education in England. The incumbent is a member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. As education is fully devolved to the Scottish Government, Welsh Government and Northern Ireland Executive, the post holder has no jurisdiction or influence in education policy or direction in Scotland, Wales or Northern Ireland.[4]

The office holder works alongside the other Education ministers. The corresponding shadow minister is the shadow secretary of state for education, and the work of the secretary of state is also scrutinised by the Education Select Committee.[5]

The current education secretary is Bridget Phillipson.

Responsibilities

Corresponding to what is generally known as an education minister in many other countries, the education secretary's remit is concerned primarily with England. This includes:

  • Early years
  • Children's social care
  • Teacher recruitment and retention
  • The national curriculum
  • School improvement
  • Academies and free schools
  • Further education
  • Apprenticeships and skills
  • Higher education
  • Oversight of the departmental coronavirus (COVID-19) response
  • Oversight of school infrastructure improvement[6]

History

A committee of the Privy Council was appointed in 1839 to supervise the distribution of certain government grants in the education field.[7] The members of the committee were the Lord President of the Council, the Secretaries of State, the First Lord of the Treasury, and the Chancellor of the Exchequer. From 1857 a vice-president was appointed who took responsibility for policy.

On 1 April 1900, the Board of Education Act 1899 abolished the committee and instituted a new board, headed by a president. The members were initially very similar to the old committee and the president of the board was the Lord President of the council; however, from 1902 this ceased to be the case and the president of the board was appointed separately (although the Marquess of Londonderry happened to hold both jobs from 1903 to 1905).

The Education Act 1944 replaced the Board of Education with a new Ministry of Education.

The position of Secretary of State for Education and Science was created in 1964 with the merger of the offices of Minister of Education and the Minister for Science. The postholder oversaw the Department of Education and Science.

From June 1970 to March 1974, this post was held by future prime minister Margaret Thatcher.[8]

In 1992, the responsibility for science was transferred to the Cabinet Office as the Office of Science and Technology, and the department was renamed Department of Education. In 1995 the department merged with the Department of Employment to become the Department for Education and Employment (DfEE) and in 2001 the employment functions were transferred to a newly created Department for Work and Pensions, with the DfEE becoming the Department for Education and Skills (DfES). In 2007 under Gordon Brown's new premiership, the DfES was split into two new departments; the Department for Children, Schools and Families, and a Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills, under two new secretaries of state.

In 2002 the position was incorporated as a corporation sole.[9]

The ministerial office of the Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills was, in late 2009, amalgamated into the new ministerial office of Peter Mandelson, as the newly-created Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills – itself an amalgamation of the responsibilities of the Secretaries of State for Business, Enterprise and Regulatory Reform and Innovation, Universities and Skills. The Secretary of State has remit over higher education policy as well as British business and enterprise.

From 14 July 2016 to 8 January 2018 the post was held by Justine Greening, as her predecessor, Nicky Morgan, was sacked by Theresa May. Greening resigned after rejecting a reshuffle to the Department for Work and Pensions.[10]

On 7 July 2022, Michelle Donelan became the shortest-serving cabinet member in British history, when she resigned as Education Secretary 35 hours after being appointed.[11]

List of office holders

Vice-President of the Committee of the Council on Education (1857–1902)

Colour key (for political parties):
  Whig   Conservative   Liberal

Vice-President of the Committee Term of office Party Prime Minister
William Cowper
MP for Hertford 		5 February 1857 21 February 1858 Whig Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
Charles Adderley
MP for North Staffordshire 		12 March 1858 11 June 1859 Conservative Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
Robert Lowe
MP for Calne 		24 June 1859 26 April 1864
(resigned) 		Liberal Henry John Temple, 3rd Viscount Palmerston
Henry Bruce
MP for Merthyr Tydfil 		26 April 1864 26 June 1866 Liberal
John Russell, 1st Earl Russell
Henry Lowry-Corry
MP for Tyrone 		26 June 1866 19 March 1867 Conservative Edward Smith-Stanley, 14th Earl of Derby
Lord Robert Montagu
MP for Huntingdonshire 		19 March 1867 1 December 1868 Conservative
Benjamin Disraeli
William Edward Forster
MP for Bradford 		9 December 1868 17 February 1874 Liberal William Ewart Gladstone
Dudley Ryder, Viscount Sandon
MP for Liverpool 		2 March 1874 4 April 1878 Conservative Benjamin Disraeli
Lord George Hamilton
MP for Middlesex 		4 April 1878 21 April 1880 Conservative
A. J. Mundella
MP for Sheffield 		3 May 1880 9 June 1885 Liberal William Ewart Gladstone
Edward Stanhope
MP for Mid Lincolnshire 		24 June 1885 17 September 1885 Conservative Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
Sir Henry Holland, Bt.
MP for Hampstead 		17 September 1885 28 January 1886 Conservative
Lyon Playfair, 1st Baron Playfair
MP for Leeds South 		13 February 1886 20 July 1886 Liberal William Ewart Gladstone
Sir Henry Holland, Bt.
MP for Hampstead 		3 August 1886 25 January 1887 Conservative Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
William Hart Dyke
MP for Dartford 		25 January 1887 11 August 1892 Conservative
Arthur Dyke Acland
MP for Rotherham 		25 August 1892 21 June 1895 Liberal William Ewart Gladstone
Archibald Primrose, 5th Earl of Rosebery
John Eldon Gorst
MP for Cambridge University 		4 July 1895 8 August 1902 Conservative Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
(Unionist Coalition)

President of the Board of Education (1900–1944)

Colour key (for political parties):
  Liberal Unionist   Conservative   Liberal   Labour   National Labour

President of the Board Term of office Party Prime Minister
Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire
Hereditary peer
(also Lord President of the Council) 		3 March 1900[12] 8 August 1902 Liberal Unionist Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury
(Unionist Coalition)
Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry
Hereditary peer
(also Lord President of the Council) 		11 August 1902 4 December 1905 Conservative Arthur Balfour
(Unionist Coalition)
Augustine Birrell
MP for Bristol North 		10 December 1905 23 January 1907 Liberal Henry Campbell-Bannerman
Reginald McKenna
MP for North Monmouthshire 		23 January 1907 12 April 1908 Liberal
Walter Runciman
MP for Dewsbury 		12 April 1908 23 October 1911 Liberal H. H. Asquith
Jack Pease
MP for Rotherham 		23 October 1911 25 May 1915 Liberal
Arthur Henderson
MP for Barnard Castle 		25 May 1915 18 August 1916 Labour H. H. Asquith
(Coalition)
Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe
Hereditary peer 		18 August 1916 10 December 1916 Liberal
Herbert Fisher
MP for Sheffield Hallam (UK Parliament constituency) (until 1918), Combined English Universities (from 1918) 		10 December 1916 19 October 1922 Liberal David Lloyd George
(Coalition)
Edward Wood
MP for Ripon 		24 October 1922 22 January 1924 Conservative Bonar Law
Stanley Baldwin
Charles Trevelyan
MP for Newcastle upon Tyne Central 		22 January 1924 3 November 1924 Labour Ramsay MacDonald
Eustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of Newcastle
MP for Hastings 		6 November 1924 4 June 1929 Conservative Stanley Baldwin
Charles Trevelyan
MP for Newcastle upon Tyne Central 		7 June 1929 2 March 1931
(resigned) 		Labour Ramsay MacDonald
Hastings Lees-Smith
MP for Keighley 		2 March 1931 24 August 1931 Labour
Donald Maclean
MP for North Cornwall 		25 August 1931 15 June 1932
(died in office) 		Liberal Ramsay MacDonald
(1st & 2nd National Min.)
Edward Wood, 1st Baron Irwin
(Viscount Halifax from 1934)
MP for Ripon 		15 June 1932 7 June 1935 Conservative
Oliver Stanley
MP for Westmorland 		7 June 1935 28 May 1937 Conservative Stanley Baldwin
(3rd National Min.)
James Stanhope, 7th Earl Stanhope
Hereditary peer 		28 May 1937 27 October 1938 Conservative Neville Chamberlain
(4th National Min;
War Coalition)
Herbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La Warr
Hereditary peer 		27 October 1938 3 April 1940 National Labour
Herwald Ramsbotham
Hereditary peer 		3 April 1940 20 July 1941 Conservative Winston Churchill
(War Coalition)
R. A. Butler
MP for Saffron Walden 		20 July 1941 10 August 1944 Conservative

Minister of Education (1944–1964)

Colour key (for political parties):
  Conservative   Labour

Minister Term of office Party Prime Minister
R. A. Butler[13]
MP for Saffron Walden 		10 August 1944 25 May 1945 Conservative Winston Churchill
(War Coalition)
Richard Law
MP for Kingston upon Hull South West 		25 May 1945 26 July 1945 Conservative Winston Churchill
(Caretaker Min.)
Ellen Wilkinson
MP for Jarrow 		3 August 1945 6 February 1947
(died in office) 		Labour Clement Attlee
George Tomlinson
MP for Farnworth 		10 February 1947 26 October 1951 Labour
Florence Horsbrugh
MP for Manchester Moss Side 		2 November 1951 18 October 1954 Conservative Winston Churchill
David Eccles
MP for Chippenham 		18 October 1954 13 January 1957 Conservative
Anthony Eden
Quintin Hogg
Hereditary peerage 		13 January 1957 17 September 1957 Conservative Harold Macmillan
Geoffrey Lloyd
MP for Sutton Coldfield 		17 September 1957 14 October 1959 Conservative
David Eccles
MP for Chippenham 		14 October 1959 13 July 1962 Conservative
Edward Boyle, Baron Boyle of Handsworth
MP for Birmingham Handsworth 		13 July 1962 1 April 1964 Conservative
Alec Douglas-Home

Secretary of State for Education and Science (1964–1992)

Colour key (for political parties):
  Conservative   Labour

Secretary of State Term of office Party Prime Minister
Quintin Hogg
MP for St Marylebone 		1 April 1964 16 October 1964 Conservative Alec Douglas-Home
Michael Stewart
MP for Fulham 		18 October 1964 22 January 1965 Labour Harold Wilson
Anthony Crosland
MP for Great Grimsby 		22 January 1965 29 August 1967 Labour
Patrick Gordon Walker
MP for Leyton 		29 August 1967 6 April 1968 Labour
Edward Short
MP for Newcastle upon Tyne Central 		6 April 1968 19 June 1970 Labour
Margaret Thatcher[14][8]
MP for Finchley 		20 June 1970 4 March 1974 Conservative Edward Heath
Reginald Prentice[15]
MP for Newham North East 		5 March 1974 9 June 1975 Labour Harold Wilson
Fred Mulley[16]
MP for Sheffield Park 		10 June 1975 9 September 1976 Labour
James Callaghan
Shirley Williams[17]
MP for Hertford and Stevenage 		10 September 1976 4 May 1979 Labour
Mark Carlisle
MP for Runcorn 		5 May 1979 14 September 1981 Conservative Margaret Thatcher
Keith Joseph[18]
MP for Leeds North East 		14 September 1981 20 May 1986 Conservative
Kenneth Baker[19]
MP for Mole Valley 		21 May 1986 23 July 1989 Conservative
John MacGregor[20]
MP for South Norfolk 		24 July 1989 1 November 1990 Conservative
Kenneth Clarke[21]
MP for Rushcliffe 		2 November 1990 9 April 1992 Conservative
John Major

Secretary of State for Education (1992–1995)

Colour key (for political parties):
  Conservative

Secretary of State Term of office Party Prime Minister
John Patten[22]
MP for Oxford West and Abingdon 		10 April 1992 20 July 1994 Conservative John Major
Gillian Shephard[23]
MP for South West Norfolk 		20 July 1994 5 July 1995 Conservative

Secretary of State for Education and Employment (1995–2001)

Responsibility for Employment moved to the newly formed Department for Work and Pensions.

Colour key (for political parties):
  Conservative   Labour

Secretary of State Term of office Party Prime Minister
Gillian Shephard[23]
MP for South West Norfolk 		5 July 1995 1 May 1997 Conservative John Major
David Blunkett[24]
MP for Sheffield Brightside 		1 May 1997 8 June 2001 Labour Tony Blair

Secretary of State for Education and Skills (2001–2007)

Colour key (for political parties):
  Labour

Secretary of State Term of office Party Prime Minister
Estelle Morris[25]
MP for Birmingham Yardley 		8 June 2001 24 October 2002
(resigned) 		Labour Tony Blair
Charles Clarke[26]
MP for Norwich South 		24 October 2002 15 December 2004 Labour
Ruth Kelly[27]
MP for Bolton West 		15 December 2004 5 May 2006 Labour
Alan Johnson[28]
MP for Kingston upon Hull West and Hessle 		5 May 2006 28 June 2007 Labour

Secretaries of State for Children, Schools and Families (2007–2010); and Innovation, Universities and Skills (2007–2009)

In 2007, the education portfolio was divided between the Department for Children, Schools and Families (responsible for infant, primary and secondary education) and the Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills (responsible for further, higher and adult education). In 2009, the latter department was merged into the Department for Business, Innovation and Skills.

Secretary of State for Children, Schools and Families

Colour key (for political parties):
  Labour   Labour Co-op

Name Term of office Length of term Political party Prime Minister
Ed Balls[29]
MP for Normanton 		28 June 2007 11 May 2010 2 years, 10 months and 13 days Labour Co-op Gordon Brown

Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills

This section is an excerpt from Department for Innovation, Universities and Skills § Minister.[edit]
The only Secretary of State for Innovation, Universities and Skills was John Denham MP. In a foreword to the department's White Paper, Innovation Nation, published in March 2008, Denham outlined the importance of innovation as a national commitment:

We want innovation to flourish across every area of the economy, and in particular wherever high value added business can flourish and grow. We must innovate in our public services too. Innovation is as important to the delivery of healthcare and education as it is to industries such as manufacturing, retail and the creative economy.[30]

Colour key (for political parties):
  Labour

Name Term of office Length of term Political party Prime Minister
John Denham[31]
MP for Southampton Itchen 		28 June 2007 5 June 2009 1 year, 11 months and 8 days Labour Gordon Brown

Secretary of State for Education (2010–present)

The Department for Education and the post of Secretary of State for Education were recreated in 2010.

Responsibility for higher and adult education remained with the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills (Vince Cable 2010–2015, Sajid Javid 2015–2016), until reunited with the Department for Education in 2016.

Colour key (for political parties):
  Conservative

Secretary of State Term of office Length of term Party Prime Minister
Michael Gove[32]
MP for Surrey Heath
(tenure) 		12 May 2010 15 July 2014 4 years, 2 months and 3 days Conservative David Cameron
(Coalition)
Nicky Morgan[33]
MP for Loughborough 		15 July 2014 13 July 2016 1 year, 11 months and 28 days Conservative
David Cameron
(II)
Justine Greening[34]
MP for Putney 		14 July 2016 8 January 2018 1 year, 5 months and 25 days Conservative Theresa May
(I)
Theresa May
(II)
Damian Hinds[35]
MP for East Hampshire 		8 January 2018 24 July 2019 1 year, 6 months and 16 days Conservative
Gavin Williamson[36]
MP for South Staffordshire 		24 July 2019 15 September 2021 2 years, 1 month and 22 days Conservative Boris Johnson
(I)
Boris Johnson
(II)
Nadhim Zahawi[37]
MP for Stratford-on-Avon 		15 September 2021 5 July 2022 9 months and 20 days Conservative
Michelle Donelan
MP for Chippenham 		5 July 2022 7 July 2022 35 hours[38] Conservative
James Cleverly[39]
MP for Braintree 		7 July 2022 6 September 2022 1 month and 30 days Conservative
A white man with brown hair and a blue suit Kit Malthouse[40]
MP for North West Hampshire 		6 September 2022 25 October 2022 1 month and 19 days Conservative Liz Truss
(Truss ministry)
Gillian Keegan
MP for Chichester 		25 October 2022 5 July 2024 1 year, 8 months and 10 days Conservative Rishi Sunak
(Sunak ministry)
Bridget Phillipson
MP for Houghton and Sunderland South 		5 July 2024 Incumbent 1 year, 9 months and 24 days Labour Keir Starmer
(I)

* Incumbent's length of term last updated: 29 April 2026.

Timeline of education secretaries

Bridget PhillipsonGillian KeeganKit MalthouseJames CleverlyMichelle DonelanNadhim ZahawiGavin WilliamsonDamian HindsJustine GreeningNicky MorganMichael GoveJohn Denham (politician)Ed BallsAlan JohnsonRuth KellyCharles ClarkeEstelle MorrisDavid BlunkettGillian ShephardJohn Patten, Baron PattenKenneth ClarkeJohn MacGregor, Baron MacGregor of Pulham MarketKenneth Baker, Baron Baker of DorkingKeith JosephMark CarlisleShirley WilliamsFred MulleyReginald PrenticeMargaret ThatcherEdward Short, Baron GlenamaraPatrick Gordon WalkerAnthony CroslandMichael Stewart, Baron Stewart of FulhamEdward Boyle, Baron Boyle of HandsworthGeoffrey Lloyd, Baron Geoffrey-LloydQuintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St MaryleboneDavid Eccles, 1st Viscount EcclesFlorence Horsbrugh, Baroness HorsbrughEllen WilkinsonRab ButlerHerwald Ramsbotham, 1st Viscount SoulburyHerbrand Sackville, 9th Earl De La WarrJames Stanhope, 7th Earl StanhopeOliver StanleyDonald Maclean (British politician)Hastings Lees-SmithEustace Percy, 1st Baron Percy of NewcastleSir Charles Trevelyan, 3rd BaronetEdward Wood, 1st Earl of HalifaxH. A. L. FisherRobert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of CreweArthur HendersonWalter Runciman, 1st Viscount Runciman of DoxfordReginald McKennaAugustine BirrellCharles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of LondonderrySpencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of DevonshireJohn Eldon GorstLyon PlayfairA. J. MundellaLord George HamiltonWilliam Edward ForsterHenry Bruce, 1st Baron AberdareRobert Lowe

References

  1. ^ "Salaries of Members of His Majesty's Government – Financial Year 2022–23" (PDF). 15 December 2022.
  2. ^ "Pay and expenses for MPs". parliament.uk. Retrieved 15 December 2022.
  3. ^ "Secretary of State for Education". gov.uk. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  4. ^ "Moving to a Devolved Administration < RAF Families Federation". RAF Families Federation. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
  5. ^ "Work of the Education Secretary Committee". BBC PARLIAMENT. 30 April 2012. Retrieved 21 February 2022. Recorded coverage of the Education select committee on the work of the Secretary of State with Education Secretary Michael Gove
  6. ^ "Secretary of State for Education – GOV.UK". gov.uk.
  7. ^ "Records created or inherited by the Department of Education and Science, and of related bodies". The National Archives. Retrieved 26 March 2021.
  8. ^ a b Wilby, Peter (2020). "Is Gavin Williamson the worst education secretary ever?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 23 February 2021. Margaret Thatcher, the only education secretary so far who went on to become prime minister
  9. ^ "The Secretaries of State for Education and Skills and for Work and Pensions Order 2002", legislation.gov.uk, The National Archives, SI 2002/1397
  10. ^ "Reshuffle: Greening quits government". BBC News Online. Retrieved 8 January 2018.
  11. ^ Gutteridge, Nick (7 July 2022). "Minister who quit after 35 hours is in line for £17,000 payout". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 21 July 2022.
  12. ^ "No. 27172". The London Gazette. 9 March 1900. p. 1609.
  13. ^ "Page 3721 | Issue 36651, 11 August 1944 | London Gazette | The Gazette". www.thegazette.co.uk. Retrieved 19 May 2023.
  14. ^ "Baroness Thatcher". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  15. ^ "Lord Prentice". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  16. ^ "Lord Mulley". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  17. ^ "Baroness Williams of Crosby". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  18. ^ "Lord Joseph". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  19. ^ "Lord Baker of Dorking". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  20. ^ "Lord MacGregor of Pulham Market". UK Parliament. Retrieved 16 October 2021.
  21. ^ "Lord Clarke of Nottingham". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  22. ^ "Lord Patten". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  23. ^ a b "Baroness Shephard of Northwold". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  24. ^ "Lord Blunkett". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  25. ^ "Baroness Morris of Yardley". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  26. ^ "Rt Hon Charles Clarke". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  27. ^ "Ruth Kelly". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  28. ^ "Rt Hon Alan Johnson". UK Parliament. Retrieved 11 August 2021.
  29. ^ "Rt Hon Ed Balls". UK Parliament. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  30. ^ Denham, J., Foreword, in Innovation Nation, published by Department for Innovation, Universities & Skills, March 2008, accessed 20 August 2021, Crown Copyright 2008, text reproduced, acknowledged as Crown copyright and the title of the document specified
  31. ^ "Rt Hon John Denham". UK Parliament. Retrieved 30 July 2021.
  32. ^ "Rt Hon Michael Gove MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  33. ^ "Baroness Morgan of Cotes". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  34. ^ "Rt Hon Justine Greening". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  35. ^ "Rt Hon Damian Hinds MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  36. ^ "Rt Hon Gavin Williamson MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved 28 July 2021.
  37. ^ "Nadhim Zahawi MP". UK Parliament. Retrieved 15 October 2021.
  38. ^ Gutteridge, Nick (7 July 2022). "Minister who quit after 35 hours is in line for £17,000 payout". The Telegraph. ISSN 0307-1235. Retrieved 24 December 2024.
  39. ^ @10DowningStreet (7 July 2022). "The Rt Hon James Cleverly MP @JamesCleverly has been appointed Secretary of State for Education @educationgovuk" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  40. ^ @10DowningStreet (6 September 2022). "The Rt Hon Kit Malthouse MP @KitMalthouse as Secretary of State for Education @EducationGovUK #Reshuffle" (Tweet) – via Twitter.

See also

  • Category:British secretaries of state for education
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