Shu-Sin

Shu-Sin
𒀭𒋗𒀭𒂗𒍪
King of Sumer and Akkad
King of the Four Corners of the World
5-mina weight with the name of Shu-Sin, with his regnal titles, from Girsu, Louvre Museum
King of Ur
Reignc. 2037 – c. 2028 BC
PredecessorAmar-Sin
SuccessorIbbi-Sin
Diedc. 2028 BC
IssueIbbi-Sin and 1 daughter
Dynasty3rd Dynasty of Ur

Shu-Sin, also Šu-Suen (Akkadian: 𒀭𒋗𒀭𒂗𒍪: DŠuDSîn, after the Moon God Sîn", the "𒀭" being a silent honorific for "Divine", formerly read Gimil-Sin; died c. 2028 BC) was king of Sumer and Akkad, and was the fourth king of the Ur III dynasty. He succeeded Amar-Sin, who might have been his father,[1] and reigned c. 2037 – c. 2028 BC (Middle Chronology).

Crown Prince

As Crown Prince, Shu-Sin held the position at Der. However, when his father conducted a long military campaign against Huhnuri, Shu-Sin returned to hold Ur.[2]

Reign

Following an open revolt of his Amorite subjects, he directed the construction of a fortified wall between the Euphrates and the Tigris rivers in his fourth year, intending it to hold off any further Amorite attacks. He was succeeded by his son Ibbi-Sin.

An erotic poem addressed to Shu-Sin by a female speaker is preserved in a cuneiform tablet called Istanbul 2461.[3] The poem's speaker expresses her strong desires and longings for the king.[4][5][6]

An inscription states that he gave his daughter in marriage to the ruler of Šimānum "His daughter was given as a bride to Simanum. Simanum, Habura, and the surrounding districts rebelled against the king, they chased his daughter away from her residence." Shu-Sin subsequently conquered Šimānum and restored his daughter there.[7]

Year names of Shu-sin

The year names for the reign of Shu-sin are all known and give an information about the events of his reign. The most important ones are:[8]

1 Year Szu-Sin became king
2 Year Szu-Sin the king of Ur made / caulked the boat of Enki (called the) 'ibex of the abzu'
3 Year Szu-Sin the king of Ur destroyed Simanum
4 Year Szu-Sin the king of Ur built the amurru wall (called) 'muriq-tidnim / holding back the Tidanum'
6 Year Szu-Sin the king of Ur erected a magnificent stele for Enlil and Ninlil
7 Year Szu-Sin, the king of Ur, king of the four quarters, destroyed the land of Zabszali
9 Year Szu-Sin the king of Ur built the temple of Szara in Umma

Artifacts

There is vast number of artifacts with inscriptions in the name of Shu-sin.[9]

  • Door socket inscribed with the name of Shu-Sin, king of Ur, Ur III. From Mesopotamia, Erbil Civilization Museum.
    Door socket inscribed with the name of Shu-Sin, king of Ur, Ur III. From Mesopotamia, Erbil Civilization Museum.
  • Inscription with the name of Shu-Sin
    Inscription with the name of Shu-Sin
  • Seal of Shu-Sin: "Shu-sin, the Great King, King of Ur, King of the four world quarters..."
    Seal of Shu-Sin: "Shu-sin, the Great King, King of Ur, King of the four world quarters..."
  • Inscribed stone ring of a fountain, in the name of king Shu-Sin. Pergamon Museum.
    Inscribed stone ring of a fountain, in the name of king Shu-Sin. Pergamon Museum.
  • Inscription of King Shu-Sîn, commemorating the construction of the temple of the god Shara at Umma. Musée national d'histoire et d'art, Luxembourg, Cabinet des Médailles.
    Inscription of King Shu-Sîn, commemorating the construction of the temple of the god Shara at Umma. Musée national d'histoire et d'art, Luxembourg, Cabinet des Médailles.
  • Seal of Abbakalla of Ur, riding a horse (reign of Shu-Sin, UR III, c. 2037 – c. 2028 BC), one of the first known such depiction[10][11]
    Seal of Abbakalla of Ur, riding a horse (reign of Shu-Sin, UR III, c. 2037 – c. 2028 BC), one of the first known such depiction[10][11]

See also

References

  1. ^ "Sumerian King List", Wikipedia, 2022-11-29, retrieved 2022-12-05
  2. ^ Lafont, Bertrand. "Game of Thrones: the Years when Šu-Sin Succeeded Amar-Suen in the Kingdom of Ur". The First Ninety Years: A Sumerian Celebration in Honor of Miguel Civil, edited by Lluís Feliu, Fumi Karahashi and Gonzalo Rubio, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017, pp. 189-204
  3. ^ "Oldest love poem". Guinness World Records. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  4. ^ Fant, Clyde E.; Reddish, Mitchell G. (2008-10-15). Lost Treasures of the Bible: Understanding the Bible Through Archaeological Artifacts in World Museums. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 9780802828811.
  5. ^ Longman, Tremper III; Enns, Peter (2008-06-06). Dictionary of the Old Testament: Wisdom, Poetry & Writings: A Compendium of Contemporary Biblical Scholarship. InterVarsity Press.
  6. ^ "The World's Oldest Love Poem". World History Encyclopedia. Retrieved 2019-07-18.
  7. ^ Michalowski, Peter, "The Bride of Simanum", Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 95, no. 4, pp. 716–19, 1975
  8. ^ "T6K4.htm". cdli.ucla.edu.
  9. ^ "CDLI-Found Texts". cdli.ucla.edu.
  10. ^ Klecel, Weronika; Martyniuk, Elżbieta (July 2021). "From the Eurasian Steppes to the Roman Circuses: A Review of Early Development of Horse Breeding and Management". Animals. 11 (7): 1859. doi:10.3390/ani11071859. ISSN 2076-2615. PMC 8300240. PMID 34206575.
  11. ^ Aruz, Joan; Farkas, Ann; Fino, Elisabetta Valtz (2006). The Golden Deer of Eurasia: Perspectives on the Steppe Nomads of the Ancient World. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 4. ISBN 978-1-58839-205-3.
  • Nicole Brisch, The Priestess and the King: The Divine Kingship of Šū-Sîn of Ur, Journal of the American Oriental Society, vol. 126, no. 2, pp. 161–176, (Apr. - Jun., 2006)
  • Stiebing Jr., William H. (2003). Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture. New York: Pearson Education. ISBN 0-321-06674-X.
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