Voiced bilabial affricate

Voiced bilabial affricate
bβ
bꞵ
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A voiced bilabial affricate ([b͜β] in IPA) is a rare affricate consonant that is initiated as a bilabial stop [b] and released as a voiced bilabial fricative [β]. It has not been reported to occur phonemically in any language.

Features

Features of a voiced bilabial affricate:

  • Its manner of articulation is affricate, which means it is produced by first stopping the airflow entirely, then allowing air flow through a constricted channel at the place of articulation, causing turbulence.
  • Its place of articulation is bilabial, which means it is articulated with both lips.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • Because the sound is not produced with airflow over the tongue, the median–lateral dichotomy does not apply.
  • Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Banjun[1]
Dhao
English Broad Cockney[2] rub [ˈɹ̠ɐˑb͡β] 'rub' Sporadic allophone of /b/.[3] See English phonology
Received Pronunciation[4] Rare allophone of /b/.[4] See English phonology
Scouse[5] [ˈɹ̠ʊˑb͡β] Possible syllable-initial and word-final allophone of /b/.[5] See English phonology
Shipibo[6] boko [ˈb͡βo̽ko̽] 'small intestine' Possible realization of /β/. See Shipibo phonology.[6]
Ngiti[7] abvɔ [āb͡βɔ̄] 'thorny vine' Rarely [bβ] more commonly [b̪v][8]

Notes

  1. ^ "Phoible 2.0 -".
  2. ^ Wells (1982), pp. 322–323.
  3. ^ Wells (1982), p. 323.
  4. ^ a b Cruttenden (2014), p. 172.
  5. ^ a b Wells (1982), p. 372.
  6. ^ a b Valenzuela, Márquez Pinedo & Maddieson (2001).
  7. ^ Kutsch Lojenga (1994), p. 31.
  8. ^ Kutsch Lojenga (1994), p. 45.

References

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