Waigeo

For the language, see Waigeo language.
Waigeo
Native name:
Pulau Waigeo
Waigeo is located in Raja Ampat Islands
Waigeo
Waigeo
Location in Raja Ampat Islands
Waigeo is located in Maluku
Waigeo
Waigeo
Location in Papua
Geography
Coordinates0°12′S 130°50′E / 0.200°S 130.833°E / -0.200; 130.833
ArchipelagoRaja Ampat Islands
Area3,155 km2 (1,218 sq mi)
Highest elevation958 m (3143 ft)
Highest pointBuffalo Horn
Administration
Indonesia
ProvinceSouthwest Papua
The Raja Ampat Islands
People in Waigeo

Waigeo is an island in the Southwest Papua province of eastern Indonesia. The island is also known as Amberi or Waigiu. It is the largest of the four main islands in the Raja Ampat Islands archipelago, between Halmahera and New Guinea, and about 65 kilometres (40 miles) from the northwest coast of the latter. The Dampier Strait (a.k.a. Augusta's Strait) separates it from Batanta, and the Bougainville Strait (not to be confused with the similarly-named Bougainville Strait in the Solomon Islands) from the Kawe islands (Kawe, Wayag and Sayang) to its northwest. The "inner sea" that nearly cleaves the island in two is Mayalibit Bay (Teluk Mayalibit), also known as the Majoli Gulf.[1][2]

The land area of the island is 3,155 square kilometres (1,218 square miles), although with the many hundreds of outlying islands ond islets the total becomes 3,514.85 square kilometres (1,357.09 square miles); the highest elevations are the 958-metre-high (3,143-foot) Buffalo Horn (Gunung Nok) and 939-metre-high (3,081-foot) Serodjil.[3] From west to east, the island measures approximately 110 km (68 mi), north–south about 50 kilometres (31 miles).

The town of Waisai in the south of the island is the capital of the Raja Ampat Regency, and holds more than half of the population of the island.

History

Waigeo was physically connected to Gam and Batanta during most of the Pleistocene period, forming an island called Waitanta.[4] Waitanta was first inhabited by humans over 50,000 years ago and excavations at Mololo Cave indicate people were making tree resin artefacts and hunting native animals.[5] The first pottery-making communities were present around Waigeo about 3500–3000 years ago and may have brought Austronesian languages to the area.[6]

Jorge de Menezes, a Portuguese explorer, may have landed on Waigeo Island in 1526–27.[7]

Islam first arrived in the Raja Ampat archipelago in the 15th century due to political and economic contacts with the Bacan Sultanate, coinciding with Biak migrations to the region.[8] During the 16th and 17th centuries, the Sultanate of Tidore had close economic and familial ties with the island as Gurabesi, the Biak ruler of the island married Tidore Sultan's daughter. His descendant then migrated out of Mayalibit Bay, becoming the Ma'ya kings of the other Raja Ampat Islands.[8][9] During this period, Islam became firmly established, as local chiefs began adopting Islam.[9]

Alfred Russel Wallace spent some time on the island and studied the flora and fauna during the late 1850s while on his scientific exploration trip.

Since 1997, the island has been the site of a substantial pearl farming operation owned by the Australian company Atlas Pacific.

Administrative districts

The island is surrounded by numerous smaller islands and islets, of which the largest are Pulau Gaman to the south, Pulau Gag and Pulau Munsung to the west (in West Waigeo Islands District), and Pulau Kawe, Pulau Wayag and Pulau Sayang forming a chain to the northwest (in West Waigeo District). Altogether there are 165 islands included in West Waigeo District, 21 in West Waigeo Islands District, 157 in South Waigeo District and 22 in East Waigeo District. The Ayau Islands to the north of Waigeo add amother 32 named islands. Including these, the area and 2025 populations of the districts comprising northern Raja Ampat is as follows:

Kode
Kemendagri		 Name of
District
(distrik)		 Land
area
in km2		 Pop'n
Census
2010		 Pop'n
Census
2020		 Pop'n
Estimate
mid 2025		 Admin
centre		 No.
of
villages		 No.
of
islands		 Post
code		 Villages
92.05.03 Waigeo Selatan
(South Waigeo)		 240.12 1,715 2,173 2,599 Saonek 5 197 98475 Friwen, Saonek, Saporkren, Wawiyai, Yenbeser
92.05.09 Teluk Mayalibit
(Mayalibit Bay)		 621.93 846 1,297 1,604 Yenanas 4 34 98473 Kalitoko, Lopintol, Mumes, Warsamdin
92.05.11 Meos Mansar 218.87 1,625 2,221 2,769 Yinbekwan 9 98472 Arborek, Kabuy, Kapisawar, Kurkapa, Sawandarek,
Sawinggrai, Yenbekwan, Yenbuba, Yenwaupnor
92.05.18 Kota Waisai
(Waisai Town)		 121.87 6,976 21,797 23,798 Waisai 4 98471 Bonwakir, Sapordanco, Waisai, Warmasen
(all kelurahan)
92.05.19 Tiplol Mayalibit 200.51 930 1,171 1,356 Go 6 98474 Arway, Beo, Go, Kabilol, Waifoi, Warimak
92.05.07 Waigeo Barat
(West Waigeo)		 763.64 1,409 1,786 2,123 Waisilip 5 327 98464 Bianci, Mutus, Saleo, Selpele, Waisilip
92.05.15 Waigeo Barat Kepulauan
(West Waigeo Islands)		 103.30 2,084 2,768 3,216 Manyaifun 6 22 98465 Gag, Manyaifun, Meosmanggara,
Pam, Saukabu, Saupapir
92.05.02 Waigeo Utara
(North Waigeo)		 149.57 1,477 1,800 2,300 Kabare 6 98466 Andey, Asukweri, Bonsayor, Darumbab,
Kabare, Kalisade
92.05.14 Warwarbomi 297.33 1,045 1,389 1,538 Warwanai 4 98467 Boni, Mnier, Warkori, Warmanai
92.05.23 Supnin 223.82 908 1,117 1,283 Rauki 4 98463 Duber, Kapadiri, Rauki, Urai
92.05.05 Kepulauan Ayau (a)
(Ayau Islands)		 12.66 1,230 1,092 1,468 Abidon 5 98462 Boiseran, Dorehkar, Runi, Yenkanfan, Yenkawir
92.05.24 Ayau (a) 5.83 989 1,103 1,552 Dorehkar 4 45 98461 Abidon, Meosbekwan, Reni, Rutum
92.05.08 Waigeo Timur
(East Waigeo)		 555.40 1,386 1,609 1,987 Urbinasopen 4 27 98476 Puper, Urbinasopen, Yenbekaki, Yensner
Total Raja Ampat Utara 3,514.85 22,620 41,323 47,593 63 652

Note: (a) the Ayau Islands (including Ayau District) lie some distance to the north of Waigeo.

Since 2010, the new Waisai district has been created from part of Waigeo Selatan District, the new Tiplol Mayalibit District has been created from part of Teluk Mayalibit District, the new Supnin District has been created from part of Waigeo Utara District, and the new Ayau District has been created from part of Kepulauan Ayau District.

Languages

Languages spoken on Waigeo include Papuan Malay, Biak, Ma'ya, and Ambel.[10] Their distributions within the island are given below.[11]: 5 

  • Ambel is spoken in central Waigeo, along the coast of Mayalibit Bay.
  • Ma'ya is spoken in northwest Waigeo.
  • Biak is spoken in the southwest and eastern parts of Waigeo.

Fauna and flora

  • Waigeo brushturkey (Aepypodius bruijnii)
  • Waigeou cuscus (Spilocuscus papuensis)
  • Waigeo rainbowfish (Melanotaenia catherinae)
  • Waigeo seaperch (Psammoperca waigiensis)
  • Wilson's bird-of-paradise (Diphyllodes respublica)
  • Golden-spotted tree monitor (Varanus boehmei)
  • Achaea simplex
  • Hypochlorosis ancharia
  • Hypolycaena phorbas
  • Karstarma waigeo
  • Nepenthes danseri

Villages

  • Urbinasopen

Protected Areas

  • Waigeo Barat Timur Nature Reserve protects much of the island's interior.[12]
  • Raja Ampat Marine Park covers Mayalibit Bay in central Waigeo and parts of the southern and southwestern shores.[13]

References

  1. ^ Straelen, Victor Émile van (1930). ... Résultats scientifiques du voyage aux Indes Orientales Néerlandaises de LL AA RR le prince et la princesse Léopold de Belgique (in French). Musée royale d'histoire naturelle de Belgique.
  2. ^ "Raja Ampat Marine Park Authority". Kawasan Konservasi Perairan di Raja Ampat. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
  3. ^ Pub164, 2004 Sailing Directions (Enroute): New Guinea
  4. ^ Gaffney, Dylan; Tanudirjo, Daud A.; Djami, Erlin Novita Idje; Mas'ud, Zubair; Macap, Abdul Razak; Russell, Tristan; Dailom, Moses; Ray, Yulio; Higham, Thomas; Bradshaw, Fiona; Petchey, Fiona; Florin, S. Anna; Roberts, Patrick; Lucas, Mary; Tromp, Monica (2024-08-13). "Human dispersal and plant processing in the Pacific 55 000–50 000 years ago". Antiquity. 98 (400): 885–904. doi:10.15184/aqy.2024.83. hdl:11568/1264968. ISSN 0003-598X.
  5. ^ Tanudirjo, Daud Aris; Gaffney, Dylan (2024-08-12). "New evidence from West Papua offers fresh clues about how and when humans first moved into the Pacific". The Conversation. Retrieved 2024-09-03.
  6. ^ Gaffney, Dylan; Tanudirjo, Daud (2024). "Late Holocene potting traditions in the far western Pacific: Evidence from the Raja Ampat Islands, 3500–1000 BP" (PDF). Terra Australis. 57: 359–390 – via ANU Press.
  7. ^ Gaffney, Dylan; Tanudirjo, Daud; Arnold, Laura; Gaman, Wolter; Russell, Tristan; Djami, Erlin; Macap, Abdul (2024-05-23). "Five Centuries of Settlement Dynamics and Mobility in the Northern Raja Ampat Islands of West Papua". The Journal of Pacific History. 59 (4): 427–467. doi:10.1080/00223344.2024.2328015. ISSN 0022-3344.
  8. ^ a b Wanggai, Toni V. M. (2008). Rekonstruki sejarah umat Islam di tanna Papua [Reconstruction of the History of lslam in Papua]. Syariff Hidayatullah State Islamic University Jakarta (in Indonesian). Retrieved 2022-03-13.
  9. ^ a b Slama, Martin (2015), "Papua as an Islamic Frontier: Preaching in 'the Jungle' and the Multiplicity of Spatio-Temporal Hierarchisations", From 'Stone-Age' to 'Real-Time': Exploring Papuan Temporalities, Mobilities and Religiosities, ANU Press, pp. 243–270, ISBN 978-1-925022-43-8
  10. ^ Remijsen, Bert, 2001. Word Prosodic systems of the Raja Ampat languages. Utrecht: LOT Publications.
  11. ^ Arnold, Laura Melissa (2018). Grammar of Ambel, an Austronesian language of Raja Ampat, west New Guinea (PhD). University of Edinburgh. hdl:1842/31120.
  12. ^ "Protected Planet | Waigeo Barat Timur". Protected Planet. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
  13. ^ "Raja Ampat Marine Park Authority". Kawasan Konservasi Perairan di Raja Ampat. Retrieved 2024-09-20.
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