择谛
| 犹太教哲学 |
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择谛(希伯來語:צַדִּיק,羅馬化:ṣaddīq,直译:「道义者」、[tsaˈdik];拼作tzadik、zadik或sadiq),是犹太教中授予被视为具有一定道义品质之人的尊称,所指对象包括圣经人物以及的后世属灵导师。该词词根为 צ־ד־ק(*ṣ-d-q*),与“正义”或“道义”的含义相关[1]。当用于女性时,单数形式为 tzadeket,复数形式为 tzidkaniot。
“择谛”(Tzadik)亦为“泽达嘉”(tzedakah,字面意思为“道义”)在词源上的词根。“择谛”一词及其关联意涵在拉比思想中经历了从塔木德时期与“哈西德”(hasid,虔敬者尊号)相对照的原始意涵,到在伦理文献中的深入阐发,再到卡巴拉神秘主义中的玄秘灵性化转义的发展历程。
自17世纪晚期以降,在哈西德派犹太教中,作为神圣通道的神秘择谛制度被赋予核心地位,此举首次将(注重实践的)犹太神秘主义的普及化与社会运动相结合[2]。哈西德派哲学对既有的卡巴拉神智学术语加以调适,将神秘体验内化,着重强调对其瑞比领袖的devekut,而后者则被视为神性赐福之流注入世间的人格化身与传输通道[3]。
参考文献
- ^ dictionary item
- ^ The Zaddik: The Interrelationship between religious Doctrine and Social Organization by Immanuel Etkes, in Hasidism Reappraised edited by Ada Rapoport-Albert, Littman.
- ^ God and the Zaddik as the two focal points of Hasidic worship Ada Rapoport-Albert, in Essential Papers on Hasidism edited by Gershon Hundert, NYU Press 1991
来源
- Frumer, Assaf. Kol Hanikra Bishmi (Hebrew)
- Lessons In Tanya
- Pevzner, Avraham. Al HaTzadikim (Hebrew). Kfar Chabad. 1991
外部链接
- Kuntres HaHishtatchus The classic Maamar explaining the significance of visiting the grave of a Tzaddik. (In English) chabad.org
- Maaneh Lashon An English rendition of the prayers to be said at the graveside of the righteous.
- Torah sources concerning Tzaddikim
- Connotations of the Kabbalistic sephirah Yesod-Foundation from inner.org
- Connotations of the inner dimension of Yesod: Emet-Truth from inner.org
