纳迪尔沙
| 纳迪尔沙 | |
|---|---|
| 王中之王[1] | |
![]() 纳迪尔沙的肖像畫 | |
| 伊朗沙阿 | |
| 統治 | 1736年3月8日—1747年6月20日[2] |
| 加冕 | 1736年3月8日 |
| 前任 | 阿拔斯三世(萨非王朝) |
| 繼任 | 阿迪爾·沙阿 |
| 出生 | Nadr Qoli 1688年11月或1698年8月6日[3] 伊朗呼罗珊达斯特盖尔德 |
| 逝世 | 1747年6月20日 (48歲或58歲) 伊朗呼罗珊古昌 |
| 王朝 | 阿夫沙尔王朝 |
| 宗教信仰 | |
| 印章 | ![]() |
纳迪尔·沙阿·阿夫沙尔(波斯語:نادر شاه افشار,1688年11月22日—1747年6月20日),通稱纳迪尔沙,伊朗阿夫沙尔王朝開國沙阿,伊朗歷史上最具權勢的君主之一。他在西亞、中亚與南亞地區發動多次戰役,並在多場會戰中取得勝利,最終在叛亂中遇刺身亡。
納迪爾出身於呼罗珊的土庫曼阿夫沙尔部族,該部族為協助萨非王朝建立統治的七個奇茲爾巴什部族之一。他在伊朗動盪時期崛起,當時漢達基阿富汗人起義推翻了軟弱的沙阿侯賽因,而伊朗的宿敵奥斯曼帝国與俄罗斯帝国亦趁機瓜分伊朗領土。納迪爾成功重建伊朗國家,驅逐外敵,並逐漸掌握實權,最終在1736年終結統治伊朗逾兩百年的萨非王朝,自立為沙阿。他的征戰建立起一個龐大帝國,其極盛時期疆域一度涵蓋現今阿富汗、亞美尼亞、阿塞拜疆、巴林、格鲁吉亚、印度、伊朗、伊拉克、土耳其、土庫曼、阿曼、巴基斯坦、烏茲別克等地。然而,龐大的軍事開支也對伊朗經濟造成嚴重破壞。
納迪爾沙常被稱為「最後偉大的亞洲征服者」。他崇拜成吉思汗與帖木兒,並模仿其軍事能力,甚至在統治後期也模仿其殘酷手段。他的一系列勝利,使他一度成為西亞最強大的統治者,掌控著當時亞洲最強大的帝國之一。1747年他遇刺身亡後,其帝國迅速瓦解,伊朗陷入內戰。他的孫子沙魯克·阿夫沙爾成為該王朝最後一位統治者,最終於1796年被阿迦·穆罕默德汗推翻,後者同年建立卡扎尔王朝。
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纳迪尔沙 出生于:1688年10月22日逝世於:1747年6月20日
| ||
|---|---|---|
| 前任: 阿拔斯三世 |
伊朗沙阿 1736–1747 |
繼任: 阿迪爾·沙阿 |
参考资料
- ^ Tucker 2006a.
- ^ Axworthy 2006,第159, 279頁.
- ^ Axworthy 2006,第17頁.
- ^ Axworthy 2006,第34頁.
- ^ Iranian Studies, Volume 27, Issue 1-4: Religion and Society in Islamic Iran during the Pre-Modern Era, 1994, pp. 163–179.
- ^ Tucker 2006b.
- ^ Axworthy 2006,第168–170頁.
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