蜂毒
蜂毒是蜜蜂尾部毒腺分泌的液體,它除了含有大量水分外,还含有若干種蛋白质多肽类、酶类、组织胺、酸类、氨基酸及微量元素等。在多肽类物质中,蜂毒肽(Melittin)约占干蜂毒的50%,蜂毒神经肽(蜂毒明肽,Apamin)占干蜂毒的3%。蜂毒中的酶类多达55种以上,磷脂酶A2(Phospholipase A2)含量占干蜂毒的12%,透明质酸酶(Hyaluronidase)含量约占干蜂毒的2%~3%。蜜蜂遇到敌害时,用蜇针将蜂毒注入敌害体内,致使敌害疼痛甚至死亡。它可能與海蕁麻毒素有相似之處。[1]
医疗用途
- 蜂毒具有强烈的杀菌效果。在傳統醫學中蜂毒療法被用於治療各種疾病[2],儘管其非特異性毒性以及常見不良反應限制了實際應用和科學研究 [3]。
- 蜂毒被另類醫學用于治疗关节炎等疾病(老鼠模型、活體外模型),另類醫學認為還可能改善帕金森氏症(老鼠模型)、阿茲海默症(老鼠模型)和肌萎縮側索硬化症(老鼠模型)。此外,對治療多種癌症(細胞株模型)甚至人類免疫缺陷病毒(細胞株模型)也有潛力[4]。但是目前還沒有任何科學證據支持蜂療的臨床有效性或安全性[5][6]。 目前還沒有任何「隨機安慰劑對照研究」可證實蜂毒用於關節炎的療效[7]。
- 蜂毒可引起輕微或嚴重的不良反應,包括過敏反應、過敏性休克 anaphylaxis 及死亡。目前,蜂療尚未被科學界接受為任何病症的可行治療;且過敏反應和過敏性休克的風險大於任何潛在益處。美國癌症協會稱,沒有科學證據表明蜂毒療法可以治療癌症以及任何其他疾病 [8]。
参考资料
- ^ Czarnetzki BM, Thiele T, Rosenbach T. Evidence for leukotrienes in animal venoms. The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. February 1990, 85 (2): 505–509. PMID 1968071. doi:10.1016/0091-6749(90)90162-W
.
- ^ Rady I, Siddiqui IA, Rady M, Mukhtar H. Melittin, a major peptide component of bee venom, and its conjugates in cancer therapy. Cancer Letters. 2017, 402: 16–31. PMC 5682937
. PMID 28536009. doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2017.05.010.
- ^ Liu CC, Hao DJ, Zhang Q, An J, Zhao JJ, Chen B, Zhang LL, Yang H. Application of bee venom and its main constituent melittin for cancer treatment. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology. 2016, 78 (6): 1113–1130. PMID 27677623. S2CID 12596298. doi:10.1007/s00280-016-3160-1.
- ^ Wehbe, Rim; Frangieh, Jacinthe; Rima, Mohamad; El Obeid, Dany; Sabatier, Jean-Marc; Fajloun, Ziad. Bee Venom: Overview of Main Compounds and Bioactivities for Therapeutic Interests. Molecules. 2019-08-19, 24 (16) [2025-03-30]. ISSN 1420-3049. PMC 6720840
. PMID 31430861. doi:10.3390/molecules24162997. (原始内容存档于2025-08-12) (英语).
- ^ Russell J; Rovere A (编). Apitherapy. American Cancer Society Complete Guide to Complementary and Alternative Cancer Therapies 2nd. American Cancer Society. 2009: 704–708. ISBN 9780944235713.
practitioners claim ... bee venom can be used to treat various diseases, including several types of arthritis; neurological problems such as multiple sclerosis, lower back pain and migraine headaches; and skin conditions such as eczema, psoriasis, and herpes.
- ^ Barry R., Cassileth. Chapter 36: Apitherapy. The Complete Guide to Complementary Therapies in Cancer Care: Essential Information for Patients, Survivors and Health Professionals. World Scientific. 2011: 221–224. ISBN 978-981-4335-66-9.
- ^ Crislip, Mark. The Beekeeper: Sentinel Chicken?. Science-Based Medicine. [8 August 2023]. (原始内容存档于2026-02-04).
- ^ American Cancer Society's Guide to complementary and alternative cancer methods
. Atlanta, Georgia: American Cancer Society. 2000. ISBN 978-0-944235-29-4.