釔-90
| 基本 | |
|---|---|
| 符號 | 90Y |
| 名稱 | 釔-90、Y-90 |
| 原子序 | 39 |
| 中子數 | 51 |
| 核素数据 | |
| 豐度 | 人造 |
| 半衰期 | 64.05(5) 小时 |
| 母同位素 | 90Sr (β−) |
| 衰变产物 | 90Zr |
| 原子量 | 89.9071417(4) u |
| 自旋 | 2− |
| 过剩能量 | −86496.9(14) keV |
| 结合能 | 782404.0(4) keV |
| 衰變模式 | |
| 衰变类型 | 衰变能量(MeV) |
| β− | 2.2756(4) |
| 钇的同位素 完整核素表 | |
钇-90(90
Y
)是钇的一种放射性同位素[3],可用于放疗中以治疗某些癌症。[4]它发现于1937年,由中子轰击钇-89(钇唯一的天然同位素)制得。[5]
衰变
90Y会通过β衰变衰变成锆-90,半衰期64.05小时,衰变能量2.2756 MeV。[1][2]90Y有0.01%的几率在衰变时产生1.7 MeV的γ射线[6],导致电子与正电子成对产生。[7]90Y衰变放出的高能电子会产生可用于成像的刹车辐射。[8]
合成
90Y主要由半衰期29年的核裂变产物锶-90衰变产生,衰变得到的90Y之后可用化学方法分离。[9]它也可通过中子照射天然钇(完全由89Y组成)制得。[10]
医药用途


90Y可以治疗肝细胞癌、白血病、淋巴瘤,也有潜力治疗更多种肿瘤。[11]90Y应用于选择性内部放射治疗中,该方法会往动脉注射含90Y的微球。[12][13]注射后,这些微球会滞留在肿瘤周围的血管中,其放射性将杀死周围的组织。[14]该治疗手段能够显著延缓肝细胞癌的恶化[15],不良事件可容忍,相比其它治疗方法而言更能改善患者的生活质量。[16]
90Y微球放射的刹车辐射可用于诊断肿瘤。[8]90Y的β衰变会产生连续的刹车辐射谱线,它们可通过伽马摄影或单光子发射计算机断面成像(SPECT)检测到。[17][11]它们可确认90Y的吸收剂量,但缺乏空间信息,难以描绘解剖结构,从而评估肿瘤和正常组织分别吸收的辐射量。结合了SPECT原有的信息及计算机断层扫描(CT)提供的空间信息的SPECT/CT便从中发展,以便得到更准确的90Y吸收剂量信息。[17][11]此外,90Y可通过正电子发射断层扫描(PET)方法诊断肿瘤。[18]相较于SPECT/CT,直接检测90Y衰变产生的正电子的PET/CT和PET/MRI都能提供更多空间信息,能够更好评估90Y微球的分布和吸收剂量,但两者都更罕见、更昂贵。[17][11]
参考资料
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- ^ 2.0 2.1 Wang, Meng; Huang, W.J.; Kondev, F.G.; Audi, G.; Naimi, S. The AME 2020 atomic mass evaluation (II). Tables, graphs and references. Chinese Physics C. 2021, 45 (3): 030003. doi:10.1088/1674-1137/abddaf (英语).
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- ^ Y-90 Handling Precautions (PDF). Berkeley Lab. [2015-07-15]. (原始内容 (PDF)存档于2018-01-15) (英语).
- ^ Nystrom, A.; Thoennessen, M. Discovery of yttrium, zirconium, niobium, technetium, and ruthenium isotopes. Atomic Data and Nuclear Data Tables. 2012, 98 (2): 95–119. arXiv:1102.2381
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- ^ d'Arienzo, Marco. Emission of β+ Particles Via Internal Pair Production in the 0+ – 0+ Transition of 90Zr: Historical Background and Current Applications in Nuclear Medicine Imaging. Atoms. 2013, 1 (1): 2–12. Bibcode:2013Atoms...1....2D. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.361.5234
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- ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Wright CL, Zhang J, Tweedle MF, Knopp MV, Hall NC. Theranostic Imaging of Yttrium-90. BioMed Research International. 2015-04-22, 2015: 481279. PMC 4464848
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- ^ Chinol M, Hnatowich DJ. Generator-produced yttrium-90 for radioimmunotherapy. Journal of Nuclear Medicine. 1987, 28 (9): 1465–70. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.543.5481
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- ^ Khorshidi, Abdollah. Nano Yttrium-90 and Rhenium-188 production through medium medical cyclotron and research reactor for therapeutic usages: A Simulation study. Nuclear Engineering and Technology. 2023, 55 (5): 1871–1877. doi:10.1016/j.net.2023.02.013
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- ^ Semaan, Sahar; Makkar, Jasnit; Lewis, Sara; Chatterji, Manjil; Kim, Edward; Taouli, Bachir. Imaging of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Response After 90Y Radioembolization
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