激素替代療法

激素替代療法（hormone replacement therapy，HRT）或激素补充治疗^[1]、绝经激素治疗^[2]（menopausal/postmenopausal hormone therapy，MHT/PHT/PMHT），是一種用於治療女性体内性激素分泌不足或更年期相關的症狀，需以外源激素加以补充、替代的疗法^{[註 1]}^[3]^[4]，這些症狀可能包括潮熱，陰道萎縮和乾燥，以及骨質流失等，並且是由更年期期間性激素水平降低引起的^[5]^[6]。

激素替代療法用於更年期症狀的主要激素藥物是雌激素和孕激素^[7]。對於擁有完整子宮的女性，孕激素通常與雌激素聯合使用，因為無對抗的雌激素治療與子宮內膜增生和癌症有關，而孕激素可預防這些風險^[7]^[8]^[9]。像睾酮這樣的雄激素有時也用於激素替代療法^[10]。激素替代療法藥物有多種形式，可通過各種不同的給藥途徑使用^[7]。

国际癌症研究机构于2008年将激素替代疗法列为1类致癌物（确认对人类致癌）^[11]。

注释

^ 性别肯定激素治疗(GAHT)也属于HRT，一般而言，HRT是对于顺性别女性的激素补充疗法，为了区分，本条目不包含GAHT的内容介绍

參考資料

^ 激素补充治疗. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会. （简体中文）
^ 中华医学会妇产科学分会绝经学组. 中国绝经管理与绝经激素治疗指南2023版[J]. 中华妇产科杂志,2023,58(01)：4-21.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20221118-00706
^ Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, Santen RJ. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. November 2015, 100 (11): 3975–4011. PMID 26444994. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2236.
^ Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, Archer DF, Boyd N, Braunstein GD, Burger HG, Colditz GA, Davis SR, Gambacciani M, Gower BA, Henderson VW, Jarjour WN, Karas RH, Kleerekoper M, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Marsden J, Martin KA, Martin L, Pinkerton JV, Rubinow DR, Teede H, Thiboutot DM, Utian WH. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. July 2010, 95 (7 Suppl 1): s1–s66. PMID 20566620. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2509.
^ Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, Santen RJ. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. November 2015, 100 (11): 3975–4011. PMID 26444994. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2236.
^ Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, Archer DF, Boyd N, Braunstein GD, Burger HG, Colditz GA, Davis SR, Gambacciani M, Gower BA, Henderson VW, Jarjour WN, Karas RH, Kleerekoper M, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Marsden J, Martin KA, Martin L, Pinkerton JV, Rubinow DR, Teede H, Thiboutot DM, Utian WH. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. July 2010, 95 (7 Suppl 1): s1–s66. PMID 20566620. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2509.
^ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Kuhl H. Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration (PDF). Climacteric. 2005,. 8 Suppl 1: 3–63 [2018-08-17]. PMID 16112947. doi:10.1080/13697130500148875. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-03-27）.
^ Shuster, Lynne T.; Rhodes, Deborah J.; Gostout, Bobbie S.; Grossardt, Brandon R.; Rocca, Walter A. Premature menopause or early menopause: Long-term health consequences. Maturitas. 2010, 65 (2): 161–166. ISSN 0378-5122. PMC 2815011 . PMID 19733988. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.08.003.
^ Eden, K.J., & Wylie, K.R. (2009). Quality of sexual life and menopause. Women’s Health, 5 (4), 385-396. doi:10.2217/whe.09.24
^ Ziaei, S., Moghasemi, M., & Faghihzadeh, S. (2010). Comparative effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on climacteric symptoms and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Climateric, 13, 147-156. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.04.014
^ IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; World Health Organization; International Agency for Research on Cancer. Combined Estrogen-progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-progestogen Menopausal Therapy. World Health Organization. 2007: 205–. ISBN 978-92-832-1291-1.

參見

6-甲氫化潑尼松 (甲强龍)
性别肯定激素治疗（与HRT相类似的疗法）

外部連結

Menopause treatment （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, Hormone Health Network, The Endocrine Society
Sexual Health and Menopause Online （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, The North American Menopause Society
Menopause （页面存档备份，存于互联网档案馆）, US Food and Drug Administration

[3] 性别肯定激素治疗(GAHT)也属于HRT，一般而言，HRT是对于顺性别女性的激素补充疗法，为了区分，本条目不包含GAHT的内容介绍

[1] 激素补充治疗. 术语在线. 全国科学技术名词审定委员会. （简体中文）

[2] 中华医学会妇产科学分会绝经学组. 中国绝经管理与绝经激素治疗指南2023版[J]. 中华妇产科杂志,2023,58(01)：4-21.DOI:10.3760/cma.j.cn112141-20221118-00706

[pmid264449942-4] Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, Santen RJ. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. November 2015, 100 (11): 3975–4011. PMID 26444994. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2236.

[pmid205666202-5] Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, Archer DF, Boyd N, Braunstein GD, Burger HG, Colditz GA, Davis SR, Gambacciani M, Gower BA, Henderson VW, Jarjour WN, Karas RH, Kleerekoper M, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Marsden J, Martin KA, Martin L, Pinkerton JV, Rubinow DR, Teede H, Thiboutot DM, Utian WH. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. July 2010, 95 (7 Suppl 1): s1–s66. PMID 20566620. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2509.

[pmid264449943-6] Stuenkel CA, Davis SR, Gompel A, Lumsden MA, Murad MH, Pinkerton JV, Santen RJ. Treatment of Symptoms of the Menopause: An Endocrine Society Clinical Practice Guideline. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. November 2015, 100 (11): 3975–4011. PMID 26444994. doi:10.1210/jc.2015-2236.

[pmid205666203-7] Santen RJ, Allred DC, Ardoin SP, Archer DF, Boyd N, Braunstein GD, Burger HG, Colditz GA, Davis SR, Gambacciani M, Gower BA, Henderson VW, Jarjour WN, Karas RH, Kleerekoper M, Lobo RA, Manson JE, Marsden J, Martin KA, Martin L, Pinkerton JV, Rubinow DR, Teede H, Thiboutot DM, Utian WH. Postmenopausal hormone therapy: an Endocrine Society scientific statement. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. July 2010, 95 (7 Suppl 1): s1–s66. PMID 20566620. doi:10.1210/jc.2009-2509.

[pmid16112947-8] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 Kuhl H. Pharmacology of estrogens and progestogens: influence of different routes of administration (PDF). Climacteric. 2005,. 8 Suppl 1: 3–63 [2018-08-17]. PMID 16112947. doi:10.1080/13697130500148875. （原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-03-27）.

[Maturitas-9] Shuster, Lynne T.; Rhodes, Deborah J.; Gostout, Bobbie S.; Grossardt, Brandon R.; Rocca, Walter A. Premature menopause or early menopause: Long-term health consequences. Maturitas. 2010, 65 (2): 161–166. ISSN 0378-5122. PMC 2815011 . PMID 19733988. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2009.08.003.

[eden-10] Eden, K.J., & Wylie, K.R. (2009). Quality of sexual life and menopause. Women’s Health, 5 (4), 385-396. doi:10.2217/whe.09.24

[ziaei-11] Ziaei, S., Moghasemi, M., & Faghihzadeh, S. (2010). Comparative effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy and tibolone on climacteric symptoms and sexual dysfunction in postmenopausal women. Climateric, 13, 147-156. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.04.014

[HumansOrganization2007-12] IARC Working Group on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans; World Health Organization; International Agency for Research on Cancer. Combined Estrogen-progestogen Contraceptives and Combined Estrogen-progestogen Menopausal Therapy. World Health Organization. 2007: 205–. ISBN 978-92-832-1291-1.

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雌二醇
主題	雌二醇 (激素) 雌二醇 (药物) 雌二醇的药效学雌二醇药代动力学雌激素 (激素) 雌激素 (药物) 激素替代療法(HRT) 女性化激素疗法(FHT) 含雌二醇的避孕药联合注射避孕药高剂量雌激素治疗雌二醇的羟基化
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