蒂奥得螺属

蒂奥得螺属
化石时期:
An oblique left side view of a live Theodoxus fluviatilis
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 軟體動物門 Mollusca
纲: 腹足纲 Gastropoda
目: 蜑形目 Cycloneritida
总科: 蜑螺總科 Neritoidea
科: 蜑螺科 Neritidae
亚科: 蜑螺亚科 Neritinae
属: 蒂奥得螺属 Theodoxus
Montfort, 1810[1]
模式種
Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810
異名[2]
  • Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912
  • Calvertia Bourguignat, 1881
  • Meganinnia Davitashvili, 1930
  • Nerita (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810
  • Neritina Montfort, 1810
  • Neritina (Neritaea) J. R. Roth, 1855
  • Neritina (Neritodonta) Brusina, 1884 (junior synonym)
  • Neritina (Theodoxia) Bourguignat, 1877 (unjustified emendation)
  • Neritina (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810
  • Neritoconus Kobelt, 1871
  • Neritodonta Brusina, 1884 (junior synonym)
  • Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912
  • Ninnia Brusina, 1903
  • Neritoglobus Kobelt, 1871
  • Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930 (original rank)
  • Pettretinia Bourguignat, 1881 (subjective synonym)
  • Saintsimonia Bourguignat, 1881 (subjective synonym)
  • Theodoxia Bourguignat, 1877 (Invalid: unjustified emendation of Theodoxus)
  • Theodoxis Montfort, 1810 (alternative original spelling, not in use)
  • Theodoxus (Brusinaella) Andrusov, 1912· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Calvertia) Bourguignat, 1880· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Neritaea) J. R. Roth, 1855· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Neritonyx) Andrusov, 1912· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Ninniopsis) Tomlin, 1930· accepted, alternate representation
  • Theodoxus (Theodoxus) Montfort, 1810· accepted, alternate representation
  • Tripaloia Bourguignat, 1881

蒂奥得螺属(學名:Theodoxus)是腹足綱蜑螺科軟體動物的一個,體型細小,有螺厴,棲息於淡水半咸水環境中[2]

分佈

本屬物種分佈於歐洲及北非,並往東延伸至伊朗南部[3]。除本屬以外,蜑螺科並沒有其他屬與本屬具同域分佈[4]。這在蜑螺科相當例外,因為其他蜑螺科物種只分佈於南半球的熱帶[4]。本屬物種均為蜑螺科僅有棲息於温带的物種[4]

Bunje 和 Lindberg (2007) 提出了Theodoxus分支的第一个系统发育假说。 [4] Theodoxus属的进化受到中新世地中海副特提斯海分离的影响。 [4]

形態描述

Representative row of radula teeth of T. fluviatilis

本屬物種的螺殼呈半卵形,具有平坦的殼口。沒有螺臍螺柱及內螺層溶解[3]

蒂奥得螺属物種間的差異,無論是大小、外殼膜上的顏色與花紋變化、螺厣齒舌的細節都有很大差異,這使得本屬物種的辨認比較困難[5]

生態

These animals live on stones, and often also under stones, in up to 5–6 m depth or deeper, feeding on algal covers.[3] Theodoxus needs rough surfaces in order to be able to digest its food, so a stony 基质 (生物生活环境) is necessary.[3] Green algae are not consumed; Theodoxus has no 纤维素酶s.[3] These snails lay egg capsules containing 30-70 eggs each, usually on the shells of other Theodoxus animals; only one juvenile grows, the other eggs serve as food.[3]

物種

截至2007年,還未有對蒂奥得螺属作系統評價的研究[4]。Bunje (2004) 的研究指出本屬至少有34個現害種;而在2015年度的國際自然保護聯盟瀕危物種紅色名錄列出了本屬包括有至少23個物種[6]

本屬包括下列各物種:

Subgenus Brusinaella Andrusov, 1912[7]
  • Theodoxus petasatus (Seninski, 1905)
Subgenus Calvertia Bourguignat, 1880[8]
  • Theodoxus acuticarinatus (Fuchs, 1870)
  • Theodoxus amblygonioides Wenz, 1930
  • Theodoxus amethystinus (Brusina, 1874)
  • Theodoxus anconae (Capellini, 1880)
  • Theodoxus angularis Gozhik, 2002
  • Theodoxus anonymus Anistratenko & Gozhik, 1995
  • Theodoxus atticus Kühn, 1963
  • Theodoxus barakovici (Brusina, 1902)
  • Theodoxus bessarabicus (Sinzov, 1896)
  • Theodoxus brusinai (Pavlović, 1931)
  • Theodoxus capellinii (Pantanelli, 1876)
  • Theodoxus capillaceus (Brusina, 1874)
  • Theodoxus crescens (Fuchs, 1870)
  • Theodoxus doderleini (d'Ancona, 1869)
  • Theodoxus dumortieri (Fontannes, 1878)
  • Theodoxus fasciatus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
  • Theodoxus gnezdai (Brusina, 1884)
  • Theodoxus grateloupianus (Férussac, 1823)
  • Theodoxus hoernesanus (Semper, 1867)
  • Theodoxus ingulenzis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
  • Theodoxus kalodictya (Andrusov, 1909)
  • Theodoxus koslinskyi (Porumbaru, 1881)
  • Theodoxus lamellatus (Brusina, 1892)
  • Theodoxus lineatus (Sinzov, 1896)
  • Theodoxus lorkovici (Brusina, 1878)
  • Theodoxus macedonicus Wenz, 1943
  • Theodoxus maculosus Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
  • Theodoxus mayeri (Semper, 1867)
  • Theodoxus militaris (Neumayr, 1869)
  • Theodoxus miljkovici (Brusina, 1902)
  • Theodoxus millepunctatus (Brusina, 1902)
  • Theodoxus moeschi Locard, 1893
  • Theodoxus morulus Kühn, 1963
  • Theodoxus mutinensis (d'Ancona, 1869)
  • Theodoxus neumayri (Burgerstein, 1877)
  • Theodoxus nitens Gozhik, 2002
  • Theodoxus nivosus (Brusina, 1874)
  • Theodoxus novorossicus (Sinzov, 1896)
  • Theodoxus obtusangulaeformis Gozhik, 2002
  • Theodoxus oxytropida (Andrusov, 1909)
  • Theodoxus pavlovici Milošević, 1983
  • Theodoxus philippianus Locard, 1883
  • Theodoxus pilari (Brusina, 1884)
  • Theodoxus platystoma (Brusina, 1874)
  • Theodoxus pseudodanubialis (Sinzov, 1896)
  • Theodoxus pseudofluviatilis Locard, 1893
  • Theodoxus pseudograteloupanus (Sinzov, 1884)
  • Theodoxus radmanesti (Fuchs, 1870)
  • Theodoxus radovanovici (Brusina, 1893)
  • Theodoxus reiseri (Brusina, 1902)
  • Theodoxus rugosus (Pavlović, 1931)
  • Theodoxus sagittiferus (Brusina, 1874)
  • Theodoxus schachmaticus (Andrusov, 1909)
  • Theodoxus scoliogramma (Brusina, 1884)
  • Theodoxus semidentatus (Sandberger, 1875)
  • Theodoxus serrulatus (Brusina, 1892)
  • Theodoxus slavonicus (Brusina, 1878)
  • Theodoxus sophievkaensis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
  • Theodoxus stanae (Brusina, 1893)
  • Theodoxus stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
  • Theodoxus stefanescuiformis Gozhik in Gozhik & Datsenko, 2007
  • Theodoxus subquadrofasciatus Gozhik, 2002
  • Theodoxus subslavonicus Gozhik, 2002
  • Theodoxus sundicus (Andrusov, 1909)
  • Theodoxus suskalovici (Pavlović, 1903)
  • Theodoxus sycophantus (Brusina, 1878)
  • Theodoxus tropidophorus (Brusina, 1884)
  • Theodoxus turbinatus (Fuchs, 1870)
  • Theodoxus veljetinensis (Pavlović, 1903)
  • Theodoxus venustus (Brusina, 1897)
  • Theodoxus xanthozona (Brusina, 1884)
  • Theodoxus zagradovkaensis Gozhik, 2002
  • Theodoxus zivkovici (Pavlović, 1903)
Subgenus Neritonyx Andrusov, 1912[9]
  • Theodoxus unguiculatus (Seninski, 1905)
Subgenus Ninniopsis Tomlin, 1930[10]
  • Theodoxus colchicus (Andrusov, 1912)
Subgenus Neritaea Roth, 1855[11]
  • Theodoxus anatolicus (Récluz, 1841)[12][13][14]
  • Theodoxus groyanus (Férussac, 1823)
  • Theodoxus jordani (Sowerby)[14]
  • Theodoxus micans (Gaudry & Fischer in Gaudry, 1867)
  • Theodoxus niloticus (Reeve, 1856)[14] - synonym: Theodoxus africanus (Reeve, 1856)[15]
  • Theodoxus subdoricus Schütt, 1976
  • Theodoxus subterrelictus Schütt, 1963[12][13]
  • Theodoxus peloponensis (Récluz, 1841)
  • Theodoxus varius (Menke, 1828)[12][13]
Subgenus Theodoxus Montfort, 1810
  • Theodoxus altenai Schütt, 1965[12][14]
  • Theodoxus baeticus (Lamarck, 1822)[12][16]
  • Theodoxus becenensis (Cobălcescu, 1883)
  • Theodoxus brenneri (Handmann, 1882)
  • Theodoxus carasiensis Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus constantiae Stefanescu, 1896
  • Theodoxus culceri (Porumbaru, 1881)
  • Theodoxus cyrtocelis (Krauss, 1852)
  • Theodoxus danubialis (Pfeiffer, 1828)[12][16][14]
  • Theodoxus denisluensis (Oppenheim, 1919)
  • Theodoxus deperditus (Almera, 1894)
  • Theodoxus elongatulus (Philippi, 1844) [12][16]
  • Theodoxus eugenii Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus euxinus (Clessin, 1886)[12][16][17]
  • Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)[12][16] - 模式種.[18] synonyms: Theodoxus brauneri (Lindholm, 1908)[18] (but as separate species per[12][16]); Theodoxus brauneri f. lacrymans Lindholm, 1908;[18] Theodoxus brauneri f. alboguttata Lindholm, 1908;[18] Theodoxus brauneri f. pulherrima Lindholm, 1908;[18] Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810.[3] Bunje (2005)[19] does not consider Theodoxus velox Anistratenko, 1999[20][17] to be a distinct species from Theodoxus fluviatilis.[19][14][17]
  • Theodoxus gregarius (Thomä, 1845)
  • Theodoxus heldreichi (Martens, 1879)[12][14]
  • Theodoxus hisingeri (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841)
  • Theodoxus hispalensis (Martens, 1879)[12][16]
  • Theodoxus jekeliusi Jurišić-Polšak, 1979
  • Theodoxus leobersdorfensis (Handmann, 1887)
  • Theodoxus meridionalis (Philippi, 1836)[12][21][16]
  • Theodoxus milessii Papp, 1979
  • Theodoxus moosbrunnensis Papp, 1953
  • Theodoxus morellii (Bellardi & Michelotti, 1841)
  • Theodoxus pallasi Lindholm, 1924[22][12][16][17] - synonym: Theodoxus lituratus (Eichwald, 1838)[22]
  • Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouër, 1879)
  • Theodoxus prevostianus (Pfeiffer, 1828)[12][16][14][23]
  • Theodoxus punctatolineatus (Sinzov, 1896)
  • Theodoxus saulcyi (Bourguignat, 1852)[12][16]
  • Theodoxus scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880)
  • Theodoxus semiplicatus (Neumayr in Herbich & Neumayr, 1875)
  • Theodoxus simplex (Fuchs, 1877)
  • Theodoxus subglobosus (Eichwald, 1853)
  • Theodoxus subthermalis (Bourguignat in Issel, 1865)[17] or Theodoxus fluviatilis subthermalis Issel, 1865[16]
  • Theodoxus transversalis (Pfeiffer, 1828)[12][16][14]
  • Theodoxus trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839)
  • Theodoxus turislavicus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus valentinus (Graells, 1846)[12][16]
  • Theodoxus zografi (Brusina, 1902)
Subgenus ?
  • Theodoxus abnormis (Jenkins, 1864)
  • Theodoxus almelae (Revilla, 1958)
  • Theodoxus astrachanicus Starobogatov, 1994[22][17]
  • Theodoxus banaticus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus bohotinensis (Simionescu & Barbu, 1940)
  • Theodoxus bolivari (Royo Gómez, 1922)
  • Theodoxus bukowskii (Oppenheim, 1919)
  • Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828)
  • Theodoxus coronatus (Leach, 1815)[24]
  • Theodoxus crenulatus (Klein, 1853)
  • Theodoxus cunici (Brusina, 1892)
  • Theodoxus danasteri (Lindholm, 1908)[20][17]
  • Theodoxus doricus (Neumayr, 1880)
  • Theodoxus euxinus (Clessin, 1886)
  • Theodoxus gloeri Odabaşi & Arslan, 2015
  • Theodoxus gurur Sands & Glöer, 2020
  • Theodoxus hellenicus (Bukowski, 1896)
  • Theodoxus imbricatus (Brusina, 1878)
  • Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus karasuna
  • Theodoxus licherdopoli (Stefanescu, 1896)
  • Theodoxus luteofasciatus (Miller, 1879)
  • Theodoxus macri (Sowerby, 1849)
  • Theodoxus maresi (Bourguignat, 1864)[25]
  • Theodoxus marteli (Pallary, 1920)[26]
  • Theodoxus milachevitchi Golikov & Starobogatov, 1966[17]
  • Theodoxus mutinensis
  • Theodoxus numidicus (Récluz, 1841)[27]
  • Theodoxus olivaceus
  • Theodoxus pallasi Lindholm, 1924
  • Theodoxus pallidus Dunker, 1861
  • Theodoxus pappi Sauerzopf, 1952
  • Theodoxus paradisii (Magrograssi, 1928)
  • Theodoxus patrae Esu & Girotti, 2015
  • Theodoxus percarinatus (Oppenheim, 1919)
  • Theodoxus pilidei (Tournouêr, 1879)[12]
  • Theodoxus politioanei Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus politus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus poppei Ahuir, 2020
  • Theodoxus postcrenulatus Papp, 1953
  • Theodoxus prozlatarici Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus pseudodacicus Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
  • † Theodoxus quadrifasciatus (Bielz, 1864) †

Theodoxus reticularis Sowerby, 1838[28] IT IS A SYNONYM OF Clithon reticularis http://oldredlist.iucnredlist.org/details/166739/0 -->

  • Theodoxus reticulatus Pană, 1990

Theodoxus retropictus UNREFERENCED - see probably Clithon retropictum -->

  • Theodoxus rhodiensis (Tournouër in Fischer, 1877)
  • Theodoxus sarmaticus (Lindholm, 1901)[20][17]
  • Theodoxus schultzii (Grimm, 1877)[22][17]
  • Theodoxus scriptus (Stefanescu, 1896)
  • Theodoxus serratiliniformis Geyer, 1914[23]
  • Theodoxus sinjanus (Brusina, 1876)
  • Theodoxus soceni Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus sphaeroidalis (Revilla, 1958)
  • Theodoxus spratti (Jenkins, 1864)
  • Theodoxus stoicai Neubauer, Harzhauser, Georgopoulou, Mandic & Kroh, 2014
  • Theodoxus subthermalis Bourguignat in Issel, 1865
  • Theodoxus susuzianus Harzhauser, Neubauer & Hoşgör, 2018
  • Theodoxus timisensis Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus trilophosensis Rust, 1997
  • Theodoxus velascoi (Graëlls, 1846)[12]
  • Theodoxus velox V. Anistratenko in O. Anistratenko, Starobogatov & V. Anistratenko, 1999
  • Theodoxus vespertinus (Sowerby II, 1849)
  • Theodoxus wesselinghi Sands & Glöer, 2020
  • Theodoxus wilkei Sands & Glöer, 2020
  • Theodoxus zlatarici Brusina, 1902)
Synonyms
  • Theodoxus burdigalensis (d'Orbigny, 1852) : synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) trifasciatus (Grateloup, 1839)
  • Theodoxus cariosus (Wood, 1828) and Theodoxus cariosa are synonyms of Neritina cariosa (Wood, 1828)[29]
  • Theodoxus dacicus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) leobersdorfensis dacicus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus doriae Issel, 1865: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Theodoxus euphraticus (Mousson, 1874)[30] is a synonym of Neritina euphratica Mousson, 1874[31]
  • Theodoxus intracarpatica Jekelius, 1944 : synonym of † Theodoxus intracarpaticus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus lutetianus Montfort, 1810: synonym of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) represented as Theodoxus (Theodoxus) fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Theodoxus mariae (Handmann, 1887): synonym of † Neritina mariae Handmann, 1887
  • Theodoxus martensi (Brusina, 1884): synonym of † Ninnia martensi (Brusina, 1884)
  • Theodoxus neglectus is a synonym of Neritina neglecta (Pease, 1861)[29]
  • Theodoxus oslavanensis Rzehak, 1893: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) cyrtocelis austriacus (Rzehak, 1893)
  • Theodoxus oualaniense (Lesson, 1831): synonym of Checked: verified by a taxonomic editorClithon oualaniense (Lesson, 1831)
  • Theodoxus perlongus Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi perlongus Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus petralbensis Jekelius, 1944: synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) zografi petralbensis Jekelius, 1944
  • Theodoxus pictus (Férussac, 1823): synonym of † Agapilia picta (Férussac, 1823)
  • Theodoxus reclivatus Say, 1822: synonym of Neritina usnea (Röding, 1798)
  • Theodoxus rumanus (Stefanescu, 1896): synonym of † Theodoxus (Calvertia) stefanescui (Fontannes, 1887)
  • Theodoxus scamandri (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880): synonym of † Theodoxus (Theodoxus) scamandrius (Calvert & Neumayr, 1880)
  • Theodoxus vespertinus : synonym of Neritina vespertinus (Sowerby, 1849)[29]
  • Theodoxus vetranici (Brusina, 1902): synonym of † Neritina vetranici (Brusina, 1902)
  • Theodoxus virginea (Linnaeus, 1758): synonym of Neritina virginea (Linnaeus, 1758)
  • Theodoxus (Vittoclithon) pictus bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839): synonym of † Agapilia picta bizonalis (Grateloup, 1839)

參考文獻

本條目包含源自公有领域的內容[3]

  1. ^ Montfort D. de (1810). Conchyliologie systématique, et classification méthodique des coquilles; offrant leurs figures, leur arrangement générique, leurs descriptions caractéristiques, leurs noms; ainsi que leur synonymie en plusieurs langues. Ouvrage destiné à faciliter l'étude des coquilles, ainsi que leur disposition dans les cabinets d'histoire naturelle. Coquilles univalves, non cloisonnées. Tome second. pp. [1-3], 1-676. Paris. (Schoell). page 350.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 Bouchet, P. (2014). Theodoxus Montfort, 1810. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=153531页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆) on 2014-11-17.
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 "Genus summary for Theodoxus "页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆). AnimalBase, last modified 24 February 2009, accessed 11 April 2011.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 Bunje P. M. & Lindberg D. R. (2007). "Lineage divergence of a freshwater snail clade associated with post-Tethys marine basin development". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 42(2): 373–387. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.026doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.06.026.
  5. ^ Zettler M. L., Frankowski J., Bochert R. & Röhner M. (2004). "Morphological and ecological features of Theodoxus fluviatilis (Linnaeus, 1758) from Baltic brackish water and German freshwater populations". Journal of Conchology 38(3): 305-316. .pdf PDF.
  6. ^ The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. <www.iucnredlist.org>. Downloaded on 23 March 2015. (Searching for "Theodoxus".)
  7. ^ Andrussov (1912). Verh. Russ. min. Ges. St. Pétersburg (2)49: 4
  8. ^ Bourguignat (1880). Etude Foss. Tert. Quat. Vallée Cettina, page 44.
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  11. ^ Roth (1855). Malak. Bl. 2: 56.
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  15. ^ Van Damme, D.; Ghamizi, M. Theodoxus niloticus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2010, 2010: e.T184690A8314592 [17 November 2021]. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2010-3.RLTS.T184690A8314592.en可免费查阅. 
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  17. ^ 17.00 17.01 17.02 17.03 17.04 17.05 17.06 17.07 17.08 17.09 Kantor Yu I., Vinarski M. V., Schileyko A. A. & Sysoev A. V. (published online on March 2, 2010). "Catalogue of the continental mollusks of Russia and adjacent territories". Version 2.3.1.页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  18. ^ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 Anistratenko V. V. (2005). "Lectotypes for Tricolia pullus, Gibbula divaricata and Theodoxus fluviatilis (Mollusca, Gastropoda) revisited". Vestnik zoologii 39(6): 3-10. PDF 页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆).
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