Shuddha Saveri

Shuddha Saveri or śuddha sāveri is a ragam in Carnatic music (musical scale of South Indian classical music) and Yakshagana music. It is an audava rāgam (or owdava rāgam, meaning pentatonic scale). It is a janya rāgam (derived scale)of the Melakarta ragam Dhīraśaṅkarābharaṇaṃ which is 29th Melakarta raga. In Hindustani music it is called Durga.^[1][2] According to the school of Muthuswami Dikshitar, this rāgam is called Devakriya.^[1][2] Karnataka Shuddha Saveri, a janya rāgam of 1st melakarta Kanakangi, is called Shuddha Saveri by the Dikshitar school.^[2] Devakriya in the Tyagaraja school of music is a different Raga, which is a Janya of Natabhairavi(Mela 20).

Shuddha Saveri is a symmetric rāgam that does not contain gāndhāram or nishādam. It is a pentatonic scale (audava-audava ragam in Carnatic music classification – audava meaning 'of 5'). Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure (ascending and descending scale) is as follows (see swaras in Carnatic music for details on below notation and terms):

• ārohaṇa : S R₂ M₁ P D₂ Ṡ^[a]
• avarohaṇa : Ṡ D₂ P M₁ R₂ S^[b]

It is a scale that uses the following variants of the swaras – chatushruti rishabham, shuddha madhyamam, panchamam and chatushruti dhaivatam.

Shuddha Saveri is considered a janya rāgam of Sankarabharanam, the 29th melakarta rāgam,^[2] though it can be derived from other melakarta rāgams, Kharaharapriya, Gourimanohari or Harikambhoji, by dropping both gāndhāram and nishādam.

Here are some popular kritis composed in Shuddha Saveri.^[3]

• Darini telusukonṭi, Neeku Evvari Bodhana, Lakshanamulu, Orula Naduko and Kalaharaṇamelara Hare by Tyagaraja in Telugu
• Samajavarada Niku by Poochi Srinivasa Iyengar
• Arumuga by Papanasam Sivan
• Taye tripura sundari by Periyasaamy Thooran
• Janani pahi sada (Navarathri 7th Day krithi) and Sahasika Danuja by Swathi Thirunal
• Ānalekara, by Purandara Dasa which is set to this rāgam, is one of the first few geetams (very short compositions) taught to beginners. It is Purandara Dasa's first composition.
• Dharma Shravana By Purandara Dasa
• Ee Muddu Krishnana By Vadiraja Tirtha
• Shri Guruguha Tharayashu Mam, Sri Vatukanatha Shiva, Lalithambikam, Sandhya Devim and Sri Madhuramba Samrakshathu by Muthuswami Dikshitar
• sarvajīva dayākarī by Oothukkadu Venkata Kavi
• kamala-vilochani by Hari Sundareswara sharma
• shankara gangadhara shrikantha and shrimat simhasaneshvari by Muthiah Bhagavatar
• Veedhula Veedhula by Annamacharya
• Ada Pogona, Elladi Bande By Sripadaraja
• Hyange Madalayya By Gopala Dasa
• Sadhasiva Kumara and Kalpagambikai Undu by Papanasam Sivan
• Gudhithu Odi Vaaraai by Ambujam Krishna
• Paripalinchu by Thiruvisanallur Venkatrama Shasthry

This section covers the theoretical and scientific aspect of this rāgam.

Shuddha Saveri's notes when shifted using Graha bhedam, yields 4 other major pentatonic rāgams, namely, Mohanam, Hindolam, Madhyamavati and Udayaravichandrika (also known as Shuddha Dhanyasi). Graha bhedam is the step taken in keeping the relative note frequencies same, while shifting the shadjam to the next note in the rāgam. See Graha bhedam on Mohanam for more details and illustration of this concept.

• Ārabhi is a rāgam which has the ascending scale of Shuddha Saveri and descending scale of Shankarabharanam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 M1 P D2 S : S N3 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S
• Jana Ranjani is a rāgam which has the ascending scale of Shankarabharanam and descending scale of Shuddha Saveri. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 G3 M1 P D2 N3 P S : S D2 P M1 R2 S
• Karnataka Shuddha Saveri of Dikshitar school has Shuddha Rishabham in place of Chatushruti Rishabham and Shuddha Dhaivatam in place of Chatushruti Dhaivatam. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R1 M1 P D1 S : S D1 P M1 R1 S.
• Yadukulakamboji is a rāgam which has the ascending scale of Shuddha Saveri and descending scale of Harikambhoji. Its ārohaṇa-avarohaṇa structure is S R2 M1 P D2 S : S N2 D2 P M1 G3 R2 S