Transport in Mumbai

Transport in Mumbai is achieved by both public and private transport. As of 2016, 52% of commuters use public transport.^[1] Mumbai has the largest organized bus transport network among major Indian cities.

Mumbai's public transport consists primarily of rapid transit on exclusive suburban railway lines augmented by commuter rail on main lines serving outlying suburbs, the bus services of the three municipalities making up the metropolitan area, public taxis and auto rickshaws, as well as ferry services. A metro and a monorail system were inaugurated in 2014. A commercial seaplane service was also introduced in 2014.^[2]

As of 2024, Mumbai currently has 4 major operational or under-construction sea-links:

The Bandra–Worli Sea Link bridge is one of the longest bridges in the country, opened in 2009. It connects the suburbs of Bandra and Worli, and carries around 32,000 vehicles daily as of 2018.^[3]

The Mumbai Trans Harbour Link (officially the Shri Atal Bihari Vajpayee Sewri-Nhava Sheva Atal Setu) is the longest bridge in India. It was opened on 12 January 2024, when Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the bridge. It connects Mumbai with Navi Mumbai and is 21.8 kilometers in length. The bridge runs between the localities of Sewri in South Mumbai to Ulwe of Navi Mumbai.^[4][5]

The Coastal Road (officially the Chhatrapati Sambhaji Maharaj Coastal Motorway) is an 8-lane, 29.2 km long expressway that runs along Mumbai's western coastline. It will connect the locality of Marine Lines in the south to Mumbai and Kandivali in the North. It is projected to be used by 130,000 vehicles daily and reduces travel time between South Mumbai and the Western Suburbs from 2 hours to 40 minutes. Its first phase was inaugurated on 11 March 2024.^[6] It's second phase was inaugurated on June 10th, 2024.^[7] On January 26th, 2025 (Republic Day), the northbound bridge connecting with the Bandra Worli Sea link was inaugrated^[8] . On August 14, 2025, Cheif Minister of Maharashtra Devendra Fadnavis inaugrated a 5 KM promenade stretching from Priyadarshini Park to Worli sea face as a public recreation ground.^[9] After that, a melody road was inaugurated, playing the song Jai Ho^[10] , Finishing the Mumbai Coastal Road project.

The Versova–Bandra Sea Link, which is going to be inaugrated in 2027, and will also connect Versova, Andheri to the Bandra Worli Sea Link and also to the coastal road as well as run along mumbai's coastline from Versova and Juhu. It will reduce travel time and traffic jams along Swami Vivekananda Road and Milan Subway bridge, as well as the removal of 1.799 mangroves^[11]

• Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport (BEST) has a fleet of single and double decker buses. BEST runs their buses in Mumbai, Navi Mumbai, Thane, and Mira-Bhayandar
• Navi Mumbai Municipal Transport (NMMT) operates air-conditioned Volvo buses from Navi Mumbai to Bandra, Dadar, Mantralaya & Borivali and non-A/C buses from Navi Mumbai to Mulund, Kurla, Dadar, Andheri, Dindoshi & Mantralaya.
• Thane Municipal Transport (TMT) operates buses from Thane to Navi Mumbai, Borivali, Mira-Bhayandar and BKC.
• Kalyan-Dombivli Municipal Transport (KDMT) operate buses from Kalyan-Dombivli to Navi Mumbai, Panvel and Ulhasnagar.
• Mira-Bhayandar Municipal Transport (MBMT) operates buses from Mira-Bhayandar to Vasai-Virar, Thane and Borivali.
• Vasai-Virar Municipal Transport (VVMT) operate buses from Vasai-Virar to Thane, Mira-Bhayandar.

Note:

• Red is denoted as AC route
• Yellow is denoted as LTD or Limited bus route (route which will only stop on limited bus stops)
• Green is denoted as C bus route (Express bus route which will stop on major bus stops)
• No color denoted on a route refers to a normal bus route (stops on all bus stops)

Taxis arrived in 1911 to complement horse cars. Black and yellow Fiat taxis are an integral part of the city's heritage and have been depicted in numerous Bollywood movies. Metered taxis ply throughout Mumbai and have a monopoly from Bandra to Churchgate on the Western line, and from Sion to Chhatrapati Shivaji Terminus on the Central line. Beyond Sion and Bandra, auto rickshaws are not allowed, and one has to hire a taxi. However, between Sion to Thane and Bandra to Bhayandar, both taxis and autorickshaws are available to transport passengers.

• Silver-Green taxis run by Meru, and Yellow-Red by Gold cabs, and Black by Mega Cabs.
• White AC cabs run by Ola, Uber, and other ride-sharing apps.
• Blue and silver air-conditioned metered taxis known as "Cool Cabs,"
• Tourist car operators in Mumbai use many cars like Maruti Wagon R, Toyota Innova, Hyundai i10, Maruti Alto, Maruti DZiRE, Maruti Baleno, and Tata Tiago
• Some private taxi operators provide yellow number plate cars for transportation

Mumbai is served by two intra-city highways: Old Mumbai-Pune Highway and Mumbai-Ahmedabad Highway.

There are around 58,000 taxis in Greater Mumbai and 98,566 in Mumbai MMR as of 2010.^[12]

There are 18,000 black and yellow taxis on Mumbai roads as of 2024,^[13] consisting of cars like the Maruti Alto, Ritz, Wagon R, and Omni, Tata Indica and Hyundai Santro.

Law requires the driver of an unengaged taxi to take a passenger wherever they want to go, regardless of distance or time, if the fare meter of the unengaged rickshaw/taxi is in a 'For Hire' mode. The modes were denoted by older mechanical meters in this manner: a) upright – for hire b) half mast – not doing business c), facing down-currently hired.

Authorities encourage passengers to make complaints, for refusal to convey, excess fare, tampered meters, fake tariff cards, or misconduct by drivers, by direct email^{[14][15][16][17]} as well as by a website.^[18]

Auto rickshaws play an important role in public transport in Mumbai. There are 246,458 black-and-yellow metered auto rickshaws, often simply called autos, in the Mumbai MMR as of 2008.^[12] Since 2002, all auto rickshaws have been required to use CNG as fuel.^[19] However, not all rickshaws comply. In some areas, if a CNG filling facility is not available, the fuel is either petrol or LPG.

Auto rickshaws are not permitted to enter Old Bombay (South Mumbai) . The southernmost points accessible to them are Bandra Fire Station in Western Mumbai and Sion Bus Depot in Central Mumbai, and Rani Laxmibai Chowk in Sion, Mumbai. Auto rickshaws registered in Mumbai are not allowed travel beyond the municipal limits. They have been allowed to travel between Sion to Mulund in the Central Suburbs and up to Mankhurd on the Harbour line. People who wish to travel beyond Mumbai to suburbs like Vashi,and Airoli have to catch a suburban rickshaw. In the western suburbs, they are allowed to travel between Bandra and Bhayandar only.

A mechanical meter decides the fare, which is proportional to distance traveled. The Mumbai Metropolitan Region Transport Authority (MMRTA) updated the auto-rickshaw fares and declared a hike recently, which is applied from 1 March 2021.^[20] The regulation for auto rickshaws is similar to taxis, and methods of complaining against the auto rickshaws and taxis are available on the Mumbai RTO website.^[21]

In 2021, UK-based car-sharing company Hiyacar announced in a survey that Mumbai is the most stressful city in the world for driving.^[22] Public transportation options are one of the main factors that were observed for the survey.^[23]

The city of Mumbai, the financial capital of India and the capital of Maharashtra state, is a critical node in the country's national highway network. These highways facilitate inter-state connectivity and link the Mumbai Metropolitan Region with many cities in India like Bengaluru, Chennai, Kolkata, and Delhi. National Highway 48 Starts from the Western Express Highway at Mira Road, and after the Teen Hath Naka Junction at Thane, it continues from the Eastern Express Highway to Pune, and from which it reaches Chennai. It connects Mumbai to Bengaluru. National Highway 160 connects Thane, near Mumbai to Sankeshwar, in Karnataka. National Highway 66 connects Panvel, near Mumbai, to Kanniyakumari in Tamil Nadu. It starts at Kalamboli circle from which NH 48 and Mumbai Pune Expressway continue and NH 66 starts from here. Here is where the Sion-Panvel highway ends. Old National Highway 6 connected Mumbai to Kolkata, until it was removed after the massive renumbering in 2010. Mumbai-Agra Highway connected Mumbai and Agra from Thane.^[24]

The Mumbai Suburban Railway is the oldest commuter rail in Asia, founded in 1853.^[25] It is owned by Indian Railways and operated by its Western Railways and Central Railways divisions. Most economical transport subsidized by the government of India via Railway ministry. With a length of 430 km, it has highest passenger density in the world, 7.5 million people daily, more than half of daily capacity of Indian Railways.^[26] It has four radial lines:

• Western between Churchgate and Dahanu Road
• Central between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) and Kasara/Khopoli
• Harbour, running between Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus (CSMT) and Panvel/Borivali
• Trans-Harbour, running between Thane and Vashi/Panvel
• Port, running between Uran and Nerul/CBD Belapur
• Vasai Road–Roha line, running between Vasai Road/Diva Junction and Roha/Panvel

Mumbai railways offer first class commuter transport. First class fares are approximately 10 times the second class fare^[27] and tend to be less crowded in the non-rush hour period. First class compartments also have slightly better seats than second class. While less crowded during non-peak hours, the first class compartments are rather more crowded during the peak hour time, as there is a large supply and demand gap. It is notoriously hard to get into the first class compartment as the coach is overcrowded with people hanging out of the doors.

Since 2017, Mumbai Suburban Rail became the first in India to operate Air-Conditioned rakes in its Western and Central line. These rakes are equipped with automatic doors and are vestibuled in a 12-coach configuration with coaches 1 to 6 vestibuled, motor connection between coaches 6 and 7 and coaches 7 to 12 again vestibuled. There are also women-only cars (termed 'ladies'),^[27] and since 1992, 'Ladies Special' trains with all coaches reserved for women passengers.^[28]

In January 2004, a master transit plan was unveiled by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority (MMRDA). The plan integrated a 146 kilometer-long metro system, of which 32 km would be underground.

In June 2004, government approval was given for a 12-station elevated line between Ghatkopar and Versova. In June 2006, the first phase of the Mumbai Metro project was inaugurated. Construction work began in February 2008.^[29][30][31] A successful trial run was conducted in May 2013, and the system's first line entered operation in June 2014,^[32][33][34] although some aspects of the project were afflicted by delays and cost issues.^{[30][35][36][37]} The Mumbai Metro opened on 8 June 2014. On 2 April 2022, Metro line 2A and 7 were inaugurated, these two lines have a combined length of 19,25 km and will reduce the traffic congestion in North Mumbai. The first line of the Navi Mumbai Metro was inaugurated on 17 November 2023.^[38] The Mumbai Metro Line 3 (Aqua Line) was inaugarated in October 2025 by Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi.

Many more lines are under-construction or planned having a total length of 345 km (215 mi), which includes new lines in the Navi Mumbai Metro and the Thane Metro, which is to be developed independently of the rest of the Mumbai Metro system.^[39][40] The Mumbai Metro Line 4 is also under construction, from Thane to Wadala, as well as an extension (Metro Line 4A) Kasarvadavali to Gaimukh, as well as Mumbai Metro Line 11 to Mumbai Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj Terminus from Wadala.

The Mumbai Monorail is a monorail system for the city of Mumbai. Construction began in January 2009 and the first operational line was inaugurated on 1 February 2014.^[41][42] It is being contracted by the Mumbai Metropolitan Region Development Authority and is the first monorail in India.^[43]

Four lines were proposed. The first two are 25 kilometres (16 mi) long. Out of the two, Line 1 was opened to the public in 2014.

• Initial plans were to build a line running from Malabar Hill to the Bandra-Kurla complex via the Haji Ali Dargah, Jacob Circle, Wadala Road, Sion Hospital and Dharavi. This was planned to have been opened by 2011.
• A line from Thane to Bhiwandi via Kalyan was proposed. A consultant's report to government has recommended that this corridor be served instead by a road-based system for the next 10–15 years using buses and bus rapid transit.^[44]

Two lines 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) long were to be constructed after the first two have opened.

• Chembur to Jacob Circle via Mahul. This route is planned to have been opened by December 2010.^[45] (May get extended to Vashi, Navi Mumbai.)
• Lokhandwala Complex to Kanjurmarg via Oshiwara.

Additionally, previously planned Mumbai Metro corridors are also being examined to be made as monorail corridors instead of the metro by MMRDA due to the dense and congested areas these corridors pass through. The corridors are:

• Hutatma Chowk – Ghatkopar – 21.8 km
• Ghatkopar – Mulund – 12.4 km

The 650 km Mumbai-Ahemdabad Bullet train project is another major high-speed rail project that is supposed to run between Mumbai and Ahemdabad is poised to revolutionize travel time between these two major cities which usually would take about 7 to 8 hours to a meager 2hrs 57mins.This would create demand for real estate in key areas such as Thane, Dombivali and Kalyan.^[46]

There are plans to build an underwater rail tunnel linking Dubai with Mumbai, from the Bombay Port Trust (Ferry Wharf) to Jebel Ali Port in Dubai, however, these plans have stopped due to the USA- Iran war and UAE has missiles from the USA attacking them.^[47][48]

Trams were an important form of transport until the mid-1960s. They were introduced in the late 19th century and in their heyday, covered many areas of the city. At their peak, route length grew to more than 47 kilometers. The system closed down in 1964.^[49]

Many ferries operate from Mumbai at designated ferry terminals like Madh Island, Elephanta, Manori, Versova, Belapur, Alibaug, Mandwa, Rewas, the Gateway of India and the Ferry Wharf (Bhaucha Dhakka).

• from Vashi (in Navi Mumbai) to the Gateway of India
• to Elephanta Caves and to nearby places such as Alibaug, Rewas, and Mandwa
• in northern Mumbai across the Manori Creek. The barges operate at regular intervals across the shallow creek linking Manori to Malad
• from Versova to Madh Island
• from Nariman point to madh, operated by Brihanmumbai Electric Supply and Transport, as a ferry terminal called the Western Corridor

The Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj International Airport (formerly Sahar International Airport) is the main aviation hub in the city and the second busiest airport in India in terms of passenger traffic.^[50] It handled 54.8 million passengers in 2024.^[51]

The new integrated terminal T2 was inaugurated on 10 January 2014^[52] and opened for international operations on 12 February 2014, increasing the capacity of the airport to 40 million passengers annually.^[53] A dedicated six lane, elevated road connecting the new terminal with the main arterial Western Express Highway was also opened to the public the same day.^[54]

The Navi Mumbai International Airport is in the Kopra-Panvel area and relieved the increasing traffic burden on the existing airport. It is also planning to build a dedicated VVIP terminal for film actors, top politicians, high-ranking government officials, millionaires and billionaires^[55] . The airport was inaugurated on Dec 28, 2025, but international operations are stopped due to the USA-Iran Gulf War.^[56]

The Juhu Aerodrome was India's first airport, and now hosts a flying club and a heliport.^[57]

There are many ways of intercity travelling from Mumbai, some the most famous ways are:

Mumbai has intercity bus connections with MSRTC (Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation). MSRTC runs intercity busses from the city to various parts of Maharashtra. It operates ordinary seater bus services, semi-luxury sleeper busses, and luxury air conditioned sleeper busses under the brand names '"Shivneri", "Shivshahi", and "Ashwamedh". Apart from MSRTC, KSRTC operates from Mumbai to Bengaluru. There are also many private bus operators with AC and Non-AC intercity busses from Mumbai to various cities in India.

• Kurla MSRTC
• Panvel bus depot
• Parel MSRTC depot
• Dadar bus stop
• Borivali Western Express Highway
• Borivali Nancy Colony
• Turbhe
• Thane
• Kalamboli
• Teen Hath Naka, Thane
• Chembur VN Purav Marg
• Govandi

• Mumbai Urban Transport Project
• Timeline of Mumbai events
• Transport in India
• M-Indicator

• Indian Railway Article on Mumbai Local Trains
• Indian Railway FAQ