Voiced uvular tap and flap

Voiced uvular tap or flap
ɢ̆
ʀ̆
IPA number112 505
Audio sample
source · help
Encoding
Entity (decimal)ɢ​̆
Unicode (hex)U+0262 U+0306

In the context of phonetics, a voiced uvular tap or flap is a type of consonantal sound, used in some spoken languages. There is no dedicated symbol for this sound in the IPA. It can specified by adding a 'short' diacritic to the letter for the uvular plosive, ⟨ɢ̆⟩, but normally it is covered by the unmodified letter for the uvular trill, ⟨ʀ⟩,[1] since the two have never been reported to contrast and a uvular tap or flap is not known to exist as a phoneme in any language.

In some languages a uvular tap is reported is said to vary allophonically with a uvular trill, and is most likely a single-contact trill [ʀ̆] rather than an actual tap or flap [ɢ̆] in these languages.

Features

Features of a voiced uvular tap or flap:

  • Its manner of articulation is tap or flap, which means it is produced with a single contraction of the muscles so that one articulator (usually the tongue) is thrown against another.
  • Its place of articulation is uvular, which means it is articulated with the back of the tongue (the dorsum) at the uvula.
  • Its phonation is voiced, which means the vocal cords vibrate during the articulation.
  • It is an oral consonant, which means that air is not allowed to escape through the nose.
  • It is a median consonant, which means it is produced by directing the airstream down the midline of the tongue, rather than to the sides.
  • Its airstream mechanism is pulmonic, which means it is articulated by pushing air only with the intercostal muscles and abdominal muscles, as in most sounds.

Occurrence

Language Word IPA Meaning Notes
Dutch[2] rood [ʀ̆oːt] 'red' More common than a uvular trill.[3] Realization of /r/ varies considerably among dialects. See Dutch phonology
English Northumbrian red [ɢ̆ɛd] 'red' Tap,[4][5] or also a tapped fricative,[6] most usually a plain fricative. See Northumbrian burr
German Standard[7] Ehre [ˈʔeːʀ̆ə] 'honor' Common intervocalic realization of uvular trill.[7] See Standard German phonology
Hiu[8] [βɔ̞ʀ̆] 'hibiscus'
Ibibio[9] ufʌkọ [úfʌ̟̀ɢ̆ɔ̞] 'summary' Intervocalic allophone of /k/; may be a velar approximant [ɰ] instead.[9]
Limburgish Hasselt dialect[10] weuren [ˈβ̞øːʀ̆ən] '(they) were' Possible intervocalic allophone of /r/; may be alveolar [ɾ] instead.[10] See Hasselt dialect phonology
Okanagan Southern[11] ʕaləp [ɢ̆àlə́p] 'lose' Allophone of /ʕ/; corresponds to [ʕ] in other dialects.[11]
Supyire[12] tadugugo [taduɢ̆uɢ̆o] 'place to go up' May be in free variation with [ɡ].[12]
Wahgi[13] Allophone of /ʟ̝/.[13]
Yiddish Standard[14] בריק [bʀ̆ɪk] 'bridge' Less commonly a trill [ʀ]; can be alveolar [ɾ ~ r] instead.[14] See Yiddish phonology

Notes

  1. ^ Bruce Connell, Lower Cross Wordlist
  2. ^ Collins & Mees (2003), pp. 42, 199.
  3. ^ Collins & Mees (2003), p. 42.
  4. ^ Gąsiorowski, Piotr (2006). "A Shibboleth upon Their Tongues: Early English /r/ Revisited". Studia Anglica Posnaniensia. 42: 63–76. hdl:10593/2383.
  5. ^ Wells, John C. (1982). Accents of English 2: The British Isles. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p. 368. ISBN 0-521-24224-X.
  6. ^ Påhlsson, C. (1972) The Northumbrian Burr. Lund: Gleerup.
  7. ^ a b Lodge (2009), p. 46.
  8. ^ François (2005), p. 44.
  9. ^ a b Urua (2004), p. 106.
  10. ^ a b Peters (2006), p. 118.
  11. ^ a b Kinkade (1967), p. 232.
  12. ^ a b Carlson (1994), p. 10.
  13. ^ a b Phillips (1976), p. ?.
  14. ^ a b Kleine (2003), p. 263.

References

This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.