胭脂虫
胭脂虫
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|---|---|
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| 左：雌虫；右：雄虫 | |
科学分类 
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| 界： | 动物界 Animalia |
| 门： | 节肢动物门 Arthropoda |
| 纲： | 昆虫纲 Insecta |
| 目： | 半翅目 Hemiptera |
| 科： | 胭蚧科 Dactylopiidae |
| 属： | 胭蚧屬 Dactylopius |
| 种： | 胭脂虫 D. coccus
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| 二名法 | |
| Dactylopius coccus Costa, 1835
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| 異名 | |
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胭脂蟲（学名：Dactylopius coccus）又名洋紅蟲、墨西哥胭脂蟲或美洲胭脂蟲，是胭蚧科胭蚧屬的一種介殼蟲，原产于美洲。以仙人掌屬植物的汁液為食。其身長可達5公釐。
胭脂蟲雌虫体内含胭脂红酸，可以用来制造绯红色染料（胭脂紅）。胭脂蟲是哥伦布交换（Columbian Exchange）之一。在地理大发现时代，在哥伦布發現美洲之初，胭脂虫被引入了歐洲。當運送胭脂蟲的西班牙商船被英國或德國的海盜劫掠時，对胭脂蟲的价值和用处一无所知的海盜們往往會把貨物扔進大海。
目前，胭脂虫被使用於布料染色、食用色素和化粧品。但作為食用色素時（例如常見於草莓果醬），多會加註警語，以防素食者誤食及避免過量服用胭脂蟲食用色素。
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延伸閲讀
- Baskes, Jeremy. Indians, Merchants and Markets: A Reinterpretation of the Repartimiento and Spanish-Indian Economic Relations in Colonial Oaxaca, 1750–1821. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 2000. ISBN 0-8047-3512-3.
- Donkin, R. A. Spanish Red: An Ethnogeographical Study of Cochineal and the Opuntia Cactus. Transactions of the American Philosophical Society. 1977, 67 (5): 1–84. JSTOR 1006195. doi:10.2307/1006195.
- Eiland, Murray L., Jr. & Eiland, Murray L., III. Oriental Carpets. Boston: Little, Brown and Company. 1998. ISBN 0-8212-2548-0.
- Greenfield, Amy Butler. A Perfect Red: Empire, Espionage, and the Quest for the Color of Desire. New York: Harper Collins Press. 2005. ISBN 0-06-052276-3.
- Hamnett, Brian. Politics and Trade in Southern Mexico, 1750–1821. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 1971. ISBN 0-521-07860-1.
- McCreery, David. Rural Guatemala 1760–1940. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 1996. ISBN 0-8047-2792-9.
- Schiebinger, L. L. Plants and Empire: Colonial Bioprospecting in the Atlantic World. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 2004. ISBN 0-674-01487-1.
外部連結
- Felter, Harvey Wickes; Lloyd, John Uri. Coccus (U.S.P.)—Cochineal. King's American Dispensatory. 1898 [July 14, 2005]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-28）.
- Direction of the Council of the Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain. Coccus, B.P.. The British Pharmaceutical Codex. 1911 [July 14, 2005]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-17）.
- Sayre, Lucius E. Coccus.—Cochineal. A Manual of Organic Materia Medica and Pharmacognosy. 1917 [July 14, 2005]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-17）.
- Zhang, Jane. Is There a Bug in Your Juice? New Food Labels Might Say. The Wall Street Journal. January 27, 2006. （原始内容存档于January 12, 2009）.
- Greig, J. B. Cochineal extract, carmine, and carminic acid. WHO food additive series 46. [June 2, 2007]. （原始内容存档于2018-10-04）.
- Dutton, LaVerne M. Cochineal: A Bright Red Animal Dye. Master's Thesis for Baylor University. [November 13, 2010]. （原始内容存档于2021-01-24）.
