祜谟
| 猶太卡巴拉質點 | ||
|---|---|---|
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| 分類:質點 | ||
祜谟(希伯來語:חָכְמָה,羅馬化:ḥoḵmā;拼作chokmah、chokma、chokhmah或hokhma)是一个圣经希伯来语词汇,在其他语言的圣经中一般被译为“智慧”(LXX中作σοφία,sophia,武加大译本中作sapientia)[1]。它是卡巴拉体系中十个质点(Sefirot)里的第二个,代表着有意识智力的首要力量以及一种精微的显化形式,它源自“珂特”(Keter)所蕴含的纯粹潜能。它体现了那种源自“虚无”的智慧,正如《约伯记》和《巴希尔书》(Bahir)中所强调的那样。祜谟是神圣智慧的原始起点,这种智慧必须通过“裨纳”(Binah)这一质点才能变得可被领悟。
在犹太神秘主义文献中,“祜谟”被描述为神圣智慧的原始起点,它从上帝的旨意中放射而出。在尚未被“裨纳”(Binah)加以分化并赋予具体形式之前,这一起点始终是不可被领悟的。《光明篇》(Zohar)——一部至关重要的卡巴拉经典——强调了“祜谟”在神圣流溢(emanation)过程中的作用,以及它与“视觉”感官的关联;此外,它还与一种内在的、先于并激发视觉产生的“灵性味觉”有关。“祜谟”与“裨纳”之间的相互作用至关重要,它有助于我们理解抽象的智慧是如何转化为具体的理解与认知。
与“祜谟”相关的伦理行为,在于效仿其所具有的双重本质:即与造物主进行神交以汲取智慧,并将所获得的智慧传授给他人。这反映了该原质在接收神圣启示与传播神圣启示这两方面所扮演的双重角色。在卡巴拉的修行实践中,“祜谟”的具体应用包括运用冥想技巧来培育智慧、培养无私精神以及使自身与神圣旨意相契合;这充分彰显了“祜谟”在卡巴拉的理论研究与应用实践这两大领域中所占据的核心地位[2]。
在西方秘契主義中,祜谟在“赫密斯卡巴拉”(Hermetic Qabalah)中占据着举足轻重的地位,它通常与分析性思维及稳定性联系在一起。与“祜谟”相对应的神号“Yah”、大天使拉结尔、天使阶层Ophanim(座天使),以及与之相关的塔罗牌象征,共同突显了它在各类神秘学及灵性传统中所具有的重要意义。那些连接祜谟与珂特、裨纳、和恤以及谛斐丽的原质路径,由相应的塔罗牌作为象征,生动地描绘了神圣智慧如何在生命樹的各个层面之间流转,并最终融入到意识与行动的各个不同维度之中。
参考文献
引用
- ^ Strong's Concordance H2451: "from H2449 [חָכַם chakam "wise"]; wisdom (in a good sense):—skilful, wisdom, wisely, wit." "The KJV translates Strong's H2451 in the following manner: wisdom (145x), wisely (2x), skilful man (1x), wits (1x)."
- ^ Kaplan (1995).
书目
- Ashlag, Yehuda. In the Shadow of the Ladder: Introductions to Kabbalah. Israel: Nehora Press. 2002. ISBN 978-965-7222-08-9.
- The Bahir
. 由Aryeh Kaplan翻译. Samuel Weisser, Inc. 1979. ISBN 0-87728-618-3. - Berg, Michael (编). The Zohar: Prologue, Beresheet A.. Israel: Yeshivat "Kol Yehuda". 1999.
- Botterweck, G. Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer (编). Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament IV. Eerdmans Publishing Company. 1974. ISBN 978-0-8028-2328-1.
- Brunton, V. Ecclesiasticus Or the Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach. John Lane. 1927.
- Cordovero, Moshe. The Palm Tree of Devorah. 由Moshe Miller翻译. Targum Press. 1993. ISBN 1-56871-027-5.
- Crowley, Aleister. The Book of Thoth: A Short Essay on the Tarot of the Egyptians. Illustrated by Lady Frieda Harris reprint. New York: Samuel Weiser. 1969 [1944].
- Crowley, Aleister. 777 and other Qabalistic writings of Aleister Crowley. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser. 1986. ISBN 0-87728-670-1.
- Fine, Lawrence. Physician of the Soul, Healer of the Cosmos: Isaac Luria and his Kabbalistic Fellowship. Palo Alto: Stanford University Press. 2003.
- Fortune, Dion. The Mystical Kabbalah
. Samuel Weiser. 2000 [1935]. ISBN 1-57863-150-5. - Godwin, David. Godwin's Cabalistic Encyclopedia: A Complete Guide to Cabalistic Magick. LLewelyn Worldwide. 1994. ISBN 978-1-56718-324-5.
- Graves, Robert. The White Goddess: A Historical Grammar of Poetic Myth. Faber & Faber. 1948. ISBN 978-0-571-02362-2.
- Green, Arthur. A Guide to the Zohar. Stanford University Press. 2004. ISBN 0-8047-4908-6.
- Kaplan, Aryeh. Meditation and Kabbalah. Jason Aronson. 1995. ISBN 978-1-56821-381-1.
- Kaplan, Aryeh. Sefer Yetzirah: The Book of Creation. Weiser Books. 1997. ISBN 978-0-87728-855-8.
- Murphy, Roland E. Wisdom in the Old Testament. Freedman, David Noel (编). Anchor Bible Dictionary 6. New York: Doubleday. 1992: 920–931.
- Regardie, Israel. The Golden Dawn. Llewellyn Worldwide. 1970. ISBN 0-87542-663-8.
- Regardie, Israel. A Garden of Pomegranates. Llewellyn. 1999 [1932]. ISBN 1-56718-141-4.
- Samuel, Gabriella. Kabbalah Handbook: A Concise Encyclopedia of Terms and Concepts in Jewish Mysticism. Penguin Publishing Group. 2007. ISBN 978-1-101-21846-4. OCLC 488308797.
- Scholem, Gershom. Major Trends in Jewish Mysticism. New York: Schocken Books. 1995. ISBN 978-0-8052-1042-2.
- Smith, R. L. Such a Mind as This: A Biblical-Theological Study of Thinking in the Old Testament. Wipf and Stock Publishers. 2021. ISBN 978-1-6667-2554-4.
- Wilson, Epiphanius (编). Hebrew Literature: Comprising Talmudic Treatises, Hebrew Melodies and the Kabbalah Unveiled. 由Joseph Barclay; Samuel Liddell MacGregor Mathers翻译. New York: Willey Book Company. 1901.
拓展阅读
- Crowley, Aleister. Germer, Karl J. , 编. The Vision and the Voice 1st. Barstow, California: Thelema Publishing Company. 1952. With an introduction by Israel Regardie.
- Idel, Moshe. Kabbalah: New Perspectives. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 1988. ISBN 978-0-300-04699-1.
- Regardie, Israel. The Tree of Life. Samuel Weiser. 1972. ISBN 978-0877281498.
- Waite, Arthur Edward. The Holy Kabbalah. Cosimo Classics. 2007. ISBN 978-1-60206-324-2.
外部链接
- Basics in Kabbalah, The Ten Sefirot: Chochmah (inner.org)
- An Introduction to the Kabala (about.com)
- Kabbalah 101: Chochmah (aish.com)
- Lessons in Tanya (chabad.org)
- Chokhmah And Binah (Wisdom And Understanding) – How Your Awesome Mind Is Spirituality Wired (kabbalahempowerment.com)
