2015 Spanish local elections

2015 Spanish local elections

24 May 2015[a]
All 67,515 councillors in 8,122 municipal councils[b] All 1,424 provincial/island seats in 44 provinces[c]
Opinion polls
Registered	35,099,122 1.1%
Turnout	22,781,766 (64.9%) 1.3 pp
First party Second party Third party   Leader Mariano Rajoy Pedro Sánchez Artur Mas Party PP PSOE CiU Leader since 2 October 2004 26 July 2014 27 November 2004 Last election 26,510 c., 37.5%[d] 621 p. 21,765 c., 27.8%[e] 486 p. 3,867 c., 3.5% 63 p. Seats won 22,744 c. 483 p. 20,858 c. 464 p. 3,336 c. 51 p. Seat change 3,766 c. 138 p. 907 c. 22 p. 531 c. 12 p. Popular vote 6,070,176 5,613,733 669,781 Percentage 27.1% 25.0% 3.0% Swing 10.4 pp 2.8 pp 0.5 pp   Fourth party Fifth party Sixth party   Leader Cayo Lara Oriol Junqueras Albert Rivera Party IU ERC–AM C's Leader since 14 December 2008 17 September 2011 9 July 2006 Last election 2,649 c., 7.4% 29 p. 1,392 c., 1.2% 11 p. 81 c., 0.2%[f] 0 p. Seats won 2,833 c. 41 p. 2,387 c. 32 p. 1,516 c. 41 p. Seat change 184 c. 12 p. 995 c. 21 p. 1,435 c. 41 p. Popular vote 1,445,071 513,529 1,469,875 Percentage 6.4% 2.3% 6.6% Swing 0.8 pp 1.1 pp 6.4 pp
Provincial results map for municipal elections

Local elections were held in Spain on 24 May 2015^[a] to elect all 67,515 councillors in the 8,122 Spanish municipalities (including 50 seats in the assemblies of the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla),^[2] all 1,193 provincial seats in 41 provinces (including 38 indirectly-elected provincial deputations and the three foral deputations in the Basque Country) and 231 seats in ten island councils (seven Canarian and four Balearic ones). They were held concurrently with regional elections in thirteen autonomous communities, as well as elections in the three foral deputations of the Basque Country, the four island councils in the Balearic Islands and the seven island cabildos in the Canary Islands.

After Podemos' success in the 2014 European Parliament election, the party decided not to directly contest the local elections scheduled for May 2015 to focus on the regional and general elections to be held throughout that year. Instead, they opted for the Guanyem Barcelona formula, popular unity municipal candidacies comprising different parties and social movements. The model was reproduced in many cities under the name Ganemos (Let's Win).^[3]

United Left (IU), the traditional left-wing third party of Spain, also started debating whether to join these local coalitions.^[4] However, this option was not well received by some party sectors, particularly their Madrid branch, who feared that the party would lose its identity if it joined these coalitions.^[5] The first attempt at a joint candidacy that included Podemos and United Left, among others, succeeded in Barcelona with Guanyem Barcelona, later Barcelona en Comú, under activist Ada Colau's leadership.^[6]

Another national party that decided to participate in most of these unitary candidacies was Equo,^[7] as well as minoritary parties like For a Fairer World (PUM+J), Building the Left–Socialist Alternative (CLI–AS), Republican Alternative (ALTER), Renewal–Nationalist Brotherhood (Anova), or Initiative for Catalonia Greens (ICV).^[8][9][10] The unitary lists also included individuals from social movements like the anti-eviction PAH, 15M, o the so-called mareas (Spanish for "tides") made up of workers from different service sectors like teachers, Public Health System workers or young people forced to migrate as a consequence of the 2008–15 Spanish financial crisis.

Under the 1978 Constitution, the governance of municipalities in Spain was centered on the figure of city councils (Spanish: ayuntamientos), local corporations with independent legal personality composed of a mayor, a government council and an elected legislative assembly.^[11] The mayor was indirectly elected by the local assembly, requiring an absolute majority; otherwise, the candidate from the most-voted party automatically became mayor (ties were resolved by drawing lots).^[12] The concejo abierto system (English: open council), under which voters directly elected the local mayor by plurality voting, was reserved for some minor local entities.^[13]

Provincial deputations were the governing bodies of provinces in Spain—except for single-province autonomous communities—having an administration role of municipal activities and composed of a provincial president, an administrative body, and a plenary.^[14] For insular provinces, such as the Balearic and Canary Islands, deputations were replaced by island councils in each of the islands or group of islands. For Gran Canaria, Tenerife, Fuerteventura, La Gomera, El Hierro, Lanzarote and La Palma, this figure was referred to in Spanish as cabildo insular, whereas for Mallorca, Menorca, Ibiza and Formentera, its name was consejo insular (Catalan: consell insular).^[15] The three Basque provinces had foral deputations instead (called General Assemblies, or Juntas Generales).^[16]

The term of local assemblies in Spain expired four years after the date of their previous election, with election day being fixed for the fourth Sunday of May every four years. The election decree was required to be issued no later than 54 days before the scheduled election date and published on the following day in the Official State Gazette (BOE).^[17] The previous local elections were held on 22 May 2011, setting the date for election day on the fourth Sunday of May four years later, which was 24 May 2015.

Local assemblies could not be dissolved before the expiration of their term, except in cases of mismanagement that seriously harmed the public interest and implied a breach of constitutional obligations, in which case the Council of Ministers could—optionally—decide to call a by-election.^[18]

Elections to the assemblies of local entities were officially called on 31 March 2015 with the publication of the corresponding decree in the BOE, setting election day for 24 May.^[19] Subsequent by-elections were called on 4 August (for 27 September) and 27 October (for 20 December).^[1]

Voting for local assemblies and island councils was based on universal suffrage, comprising all Spanish nationals over 18 years of age, registered and residing in the municipality or council and with full political rights (provided that they had not been deprived of the right to vote by a final sentence, nor were legally incapacitated), as well as resident non-national European citizens, and those whose country of origin allowed reciprocal voting by virtue of a treaty.^[20]

Local councillors were elected using the D'Hondt method and closed-list proportional voting, with a five percent-threshold of valid votes (including blank ballots) in each constituency.^[21] Each municipality or council was a multi-member constituency, with a number of seats based on the following scale:^[22]

Councillors in municipalities below 250 inhabitants were elected using open-list partial block voting, with voters in constituencies between 101 and 250 inhabitants choosing up to four candidates; and in those below 100, up to two.^[24]

Most provincial deputations were indirectly elected by applying the D'Hondt method and a three percent-threshold of valid votes to municipal results—excluding candidacies not electing any councillor—in each judicial district. Seats were allocated to provincial deputations based on the following scale (with each judicial district being assigned an initial minimum of one seat and a maximum of three-fifths of the total number of provincial seats, with the remaining ones distributed in proportion to population):^[25]

The General Assemblies of Álava, Biscay and Gipuzkoa were directly elected by voters under their own, specific electoral regulations.^[26]

The law did not provide for by-elections to fill vacant seats; instead, any vacancies arising after the proclamation of candidates and during the legislative term were filled by the next candidates on the party lists or, when required, by designated substitutes.^[27]

The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, alliances and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form an alliance were required to inform the relevant electoral commission within 10 days of the election call, whereas groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of a determined amount of the electors registered in the municipality for which they sought election, disallowing electors from signing for more than one list:^[28]

• At least one percent of the electors in municipalities with a population below 5,000 inhabitants, provided that the number of signers was more than double that of councillors at stake.
• At least 100 signatures in municipalities with a population between 5,001 and 10,000.
• At least 500 signatures in municipalities with a population between 10,001 and 50,000.
• At least 1,500 signatures in municipalities with a population between 50,001 and 150,000.
• At least 3,000 signatures in municipalities with a population between 150,001 and 300,000.
• At least 5,000 signatures in municipalities with a population between 300,001 and 1,000,000.
• At least 8,000 signatures in municipalities with a population over 1,000,001.

Additionally, a balanced composition of men and women was required in the electoral lists, so that candidates of either sex made up at least 40 percent of the total composition.^[29]

The following table lists party control in provincial capitals (highlighted in bold), as well as in municipalities above 75,000.^[32] Gains for a party are highlighted in that party's colour.

The following table lists party control in the autonomous cities. Gains for a party are highlighted in that party's colour.

The following table lists party control in the indirectly-elected provincial deputations.^[33] Gains for a party are highlighted in that party's colour.

The following table lists party control in the island councils.^[34][35] Gains for a party are highlighted in that party's colour.

The following table lists party control in the foral deputations.^[37] Gains for a party are highlighted in that party's colour.